Toxicokinetics of urinary 2-ethylhexyl salicylate and its metabolite 2-ethyl-hydroxyhexyl salicylate in humans after simulating real-life dermal sunscreen exposure
| Autor: | Sebastian Meyer, Kerstin Hof, Katrin Klotz, Julia Hiller, Hans Drexler, Wolfgang Uter, Annette Greiner, Thomas Göen |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Male Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Metabolite Urinary system UV filter Biological Availability Urine 010501 environmental sciences Toxicology Administration Cutaneous 01 natural sciences ETHYLHEXYL SALICYLATE Excretion 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Young Adult Toxicokinetics Humans 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Chromatography General Medicine Healthy Volunteers Salicylates Bioavailability 030104 developmental biology chemistry Female Sunscreening Agents |
| Zdroj: | Archives of toxicology. 93(9) |
| ISSN: | 1432-0738 |
| Popis: | Chemical UV filters are common components in sunscreens and cosmetic products. The question of adverse health risks is not completely resolved, partly owing to lacking human data from dermal exposure, which are essential for sound risk assessment. Therefore, we investigated the urinary toxicokinetics of 2-ethylhexyl salicylate (EHS) after a 1-day dermal real-life sunscreen application scenario. Twenty human volunteers were dermally exposed to a commercial sunscreen for 9 h under real-life conditions (2 mg/cm2 body surface area; double re-application; corresponding to 3.8 g EHS). Urine samples were analyzed for EHS and one of its specific metabolites 2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl salicylate (5OH-EHS) using a two-dimensional liquid chromatographic electrospray–ionization tandem mass spectrometric procedure. EHS and 5OH-EHS were excreted after sunscreen application and reached up to 525 µg/g and 213 µg/g creatinine, respectively. The toxicokinetic models showed concentration peaks between 7 and 8 h after first application. First-phase terminal half-lives were 8–9 h. For 5OH-EHS, a second-phase terminal half-life could be determined (87 h). EHS and 5OH-EHS showed a faster elimination with 70–80% of the overall excretion occurring within 24 h after application compared to more lipophilic UV filters. Cumulative excreted amounts over 24 h reached up to 334 µg EHS and 124 µg of 5OH-EHS. Simulated real-life sunscreen use for 1 day leads to the bioavailability of the UV filter EHS in humans. The kinetic profiles with a prolonged systemic availability indicate a skin depot and make accumulation during consecutive multi-day exposure likely. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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