Persistent endosulfan sulfate is found with highest abundance among endosulfan I, II, and sulfate in German forest soils
Autor: | Karl-Werner Schramm, Petra Lehnik-Habrink, Marchela Pandelova, Bernd M. Bussian, Bernhard Aichner, Bernhard Henkelmann |
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Rok vydání: | 2015 |
Předmět: |
Insecticides
Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Biomagnification Agriculture General Medicine Forests Toxicology Pollution Humus chemistry.chemical_compound Soil Deciduous chemistry Abundance (ecology) Environmental chemistry Bioaccumulation Germany Soil water Soil Pollutants Institut für Geowissenschaften Sulfate Endosulfan Environmental Monitoring |
Zdroj: | Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987). 206 |
ISSN: | 1873-6424 |
Popis: | Endosulfan - an agricultural insecticide and banned by Stockholm Convention - is produced as a 2:1 to 7:3 mixture of isomers endosulfan I (ESI) and endosulfan II (ESII). Endosulfan is transformed under aerobic conditions into endosulfan sulfate (ESS). The study shows for 76 sampling locations in German forests that endosulfan is abundant in all samples with an opposite ratio between the ESI and ESII than the technical product, where the main metabolite ESS is found with even higher abundance. The ratio between ESI/ESII and ESS show clear dependence on the type of stands (coniferous vs. deciduous) and humus type and increases from deciduous via mixed to coniferous forest stands. The study argues for a systematic monitoring of ESI, ESII, and ESS and underlines the need for further research, specifically on the fate of endosulfan including biomagnifications and bioaccumulation in soil. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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