Tuberculosis and mass gatherings—opportunities for defining burden, transmission risk, and the optimal surveillance, prevention, and control measures at the annual Hajj pilgrimage
| Autor: | Brian McCloskey, Matthew Bates, Osman Dar, Kingsley Bieh, Peter Mwaba, Tamara Tayeb, Esam I. Azhar, Badriah Alotaibi, Saber Yezli, Alimuddin Zumla, Eskild Petersen, Abdulaziz Bin Saeed, Shuja Shafi |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Microbiology (medical) medicine.medical_specialty A300 Clinical Medicine Tuberculosis Hajj pilgrimage 030231 tropical medicine Saudi Arabia Islam lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Risk Factors Environmental health Active tb Tuberculosis Multidrug-Resistant Hajj Mass gathering Humans Transmission Medicine lcsh:RC109-216 030212 general & internal medicine Holidays Travel business.industry Transmission (medicine) General Medicine medicine.disease Surgery Crowding Infectious Diseases Epidemiological Monitoring Research studies Female Mass gatherings business |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol 47, Iss C, Pp 86-91 (2016) Zumla, A, Bin Saeed, A, Alotaibi, B, Yezli, S, Dar, O, Bieh, K, Bates, M, Tayeb, T, Mwaba, P, Shafi, S, McCloskey, B, Petersen, J E & Azhar, E I 2016, ' Tuberculosis and mass gatherings—opportunities for defining burden, transmission risk, and the optimal surveillance, prevention, and control measures at the annual Hajj pilgrimage ', International Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol. 47, no. June, pp. 86-91 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.003 |
| ISSN: | 1201-9712 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.003 |
| Popis: | Tuberculosis (TB) is now the most common infectious cause of death worldwide. In 2014, an estimated 9.6 million people developed active TB. There were an estimated three million people with active TB including 360 000 with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) who were not diagnosed, and such people continue to fuel TB transmission in the community. Accurate data on the actual burden of TB and the transmission risk associated with mass gatherings are scarce and unreliable due to the small numbers studied and methodological issues. Every year, an estimated 10 million pilgrims from 184 countries travel to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) to perform the Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages. A large majority of pilgrims come from high TB burden and MDR-TB endemic areas and thus many may have undiagnosed active TB, sub-clinical TB, and latent TB infection. The Hajj pilgrimage provides unique opportunities for the KSA and the 184 countries from which pilgrims originate, to conduct high quality priority research studies on TB under the remit of the Global Centre for Mass Gatherings Medicine. Research opportunities are discussed, including those related to the definition of the TB burden, transmission risk, and the optimal surveillance, prevention, and control measures at the annual Hajj pilgrimage. The associated data are required to develop international recommendations and guidelines for TB management and control at mass gathering events. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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