Cognitive dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: can we predict it?
| Autor: | Luca Diamanti, Antonino Lupica, Mirella Russo, Antonio Fasano, Simone Salemme, Fabiola De Marchi, Antonio De Martino, Edoardo G. Spinelli, Claudia Carrarini, Alessandro Bombaci |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
medicine.medical_specialty Neurology ALS-ci Dermatology Disease Review Article Neuropsychological Tests 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Cognitive dysfunction Social cognition Medicine Verbal fluency test Humans Longitudinal Studies Cognitive decline Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS-bi ALS-cbi business.industry Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Neuropsychology Cognition FTD General Medicine Biomarker medicine.disease Psychiatry and Mental health 030104 developmental biology Cognitive impairment Pre-clinical Cognitive alteration Neurology (clinical) ALS business Neuroscience 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Neurological Sciences |
| ISSN: | 1590-3478 |
| Popis: | Background and aim Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of both upper and lower motoneurons in the brain and spinal cord leading to motor and extra-motor symptoms. Although traditionally considered a pure motor disease, recent evidences suggest that ALS is a multisystem disorder. Neuropsychological alterations, in fact, are observed in more than 50% of patients: while executive dysfunctions have been firstly identified, alterations in verbal fluency, behavior, and pragmatic and social cognition have also been described. Detecting and monitoring ALS cognitive and behavioral impairment even at early disease stages is likely to have staging and prognostic implications, and it may impact the enrollment in future clinical trials. During the last 10 years, humoral, radiological, neurophysiological, and genetic biomarkers have been reported in ALS, and some of them seem to potentially correlate to cognitive and behavioral impairment of patients. In this review, we sought to give an up-to-date state of the art of neuropsychological alterations in ALS: we will describe tests used to detect cognitive and behavioral impairment, and we will focus on promising non-invasive biomarkers to detect pre-clinical cognitive decline. Conclusions To date, the research on humoral, radiological, neurophysiological, and genetic correlates of neuropsychological alterations is at the early stage, and no conclusive longitudinal data have been published. Further and longitudinal studies on easily accessible and quantifiable biomarkers are needed to clarify the time course and the evolution of cognitive and behavioral impairments of ALS patients. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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