The effect of the transition from elemental chlorine bleaching to chlorine dioxide bleaching in the pulp industry on the formation of PCDD/Fs
| Autor: | Peter Axegård |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Paper
Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins Environmental Engineering Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis 0208 environmental biotechnology chemistry.chemical_element 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences engineering.material 01 natural sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Impurity polycyclic compounds Chlorine Environmental Chemistry 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Chlorine dioxide Chemistry Pulp (paper) Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Oxides General Medicine General Chemistry Contamination Pulp and paper industry Pollution 020801 environmental engineering Incineration stomatognathic diseases Congener Kraft process engineering Chlorine Compounds |
| Zdroj: | Chemosphere. 236:124386 |
| ISSN: | 0045-6535 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124386 |
| Popis: | The article reviews the transition from bleaching kraft pulp with elemental chlorine to bleaching with chlorine dioxide with respect to formation of chlorinated dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs). New data is also presented for bleaching with 100% chlorine dioxide and the effect of elemental chlorine impurities. The typical fingerprint of PCDD/Fs in pulp bleached with elemental chlorine was unique compared to all other sources such as incineration and metallurgic processes. 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF were the dominating congeners formed during the period pulp was bleached with elemental chlorine. Elimination of unchlorinated precursors lowered, but did not eliminate, the formation of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF. The formation of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF increases exponentially with the amount of elemental chlorine used. Replacing elemental chlorine with chlorine dioxide (with levels of elemental chlorine contamination of |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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