High variation in immune responses and parasite phenotypes in naturally acquired Trypanosoma cruzi infection in a captive non-human primate breeding colony in Texas, USA
| Autor: | John L. VandeBerg, Tre J. Landry, Angel M. Padilla, Gretchen Cooley, Phil Y. Yao, Rick L. Tarleton, Susan M. Mahaney, Isabela Ribeiro |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
Male Physiology RC955-962 Antibodies Protozoan Antibody Response Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes Monkeys Macaque Polymerase Chain Reaction Mice White Blood Cells Medical Conditions 0302 clinical medicine Animal Cells Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Parasite hosting Immune Response Mammals Protozoans Trypanosoma Cruzi 0303 health sciences biology T Cells Monkey Diseases Eukaryota Texas Phenotype Body Fluids 3. Good health Infectious Diseases Blood Vertebrates Female Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Antibody Cellular Types Anatomy Research Article Primates Chagas disease Trypanosoma Immune Cells Immunology 030231 tropical medicine Virulence Research and Analysis Methods 03 medical and health sciences Immune system biology.animal Old World monkeys Parasitic Diseases medicine Animals Humans Chagas Disease Typing Molecular Biology Techniques Trypanosoma cruzi Molecular Biology 030304 developmental biology Blood Cells Biology and life sciences Host (biology) Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Organisms Genetic Variation Cell Biology biology.organism_classification medicine.disease Virology Parasitic Protozoans Disease Models Animal Macaca fascicularis Amniotes biology.protein Zoology |
| Zdroj: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 3, p e0009141 (2021) |
| Popis: | Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of human Chagas disease, is endemic to the southern region of the United States where it routinely infects many host species. The indoor/outdoor housing configuration used in many non-human primate research and breeding facilities in the southern of the USA provides the opportunity for infection by T. cruzi and thus provides source material for in-depth investigation of host and parasite dynamics in a natural host species under highly controlled and restricted conditions. For cynomolgus macaques housed at such a facility, we used a combination of serial blood quantitative PCR (qPCR) and hemoculture to confirm infection in >92% of seropositive animals, although each method alone failed to detect infection in >20% of cases. Parasite isolates obtained from 43 of the 64 seropositive macaques were of 2 broad genetic types (discrete typing units, (DTU’s) I and IV); both within and between these DTU groupings, isolates displayed a wide variation in growth characteristics and virulence, elicited host immune responses, and susceptibility to drug treatment in a mouse model. Likewise, the macaques displayed a diversity in T cell and antibody response profiles that rarely correlated with parasite DTU type, minimum length of infection, or age of the primate. This study reveals the complexity of infection dynamics, parasite phenotypes, and immune response patterns that can occur in a primate group, despite being housed in a uniform environment at a single location, and the limited time period over which the T. cruzi infections were established. Author summary We evaluated naturally occurring infections of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of human Chagas disease, in an indoor/outdoor primate colony at a breeding facility in Texas, USA. Using serial quantitative PCR and hemoculture, we confirmed infection in 92% of the 64 seropositive animals, but neither of these two methods confirmed more than 80% of the cases. Parasites by hemoculture fell into two genetic groups (discrete typing units I and IV), and displayed large variation in growth characteristics, elicited cellular and humoral immune responses as well as virulence and drug susceptibility when tested in mice. EKG abnormalities were found in 13 out of 51 qPCR-positive macaques. Our results demonstrate the complexity of these infection parameters in this colony in spite of the uniform and geographically constrained housing conditions of the macaques. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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