Estimating experienced racial segregation in US cities using large-scale GPS data
| Autor: | Susan Athey, Tobias F. N. Schmidt, Matthew Gentzkow, Billy Ferguson |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Multidisciplinary
Social Segregation Isolation (health care) Urban Population business.industry Social Sciences United States Economic Sciences mobility Race (biology) Geography Socioeconomic Factors Residence Characteristics Gps data Public transport Scale (social sciences) Global Positioning System Geographic Information Systems Humans racial segregation Cities business isolation Demography |
| Zdroj: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
| ISSN: | 1091-6490 |
| Popis: | Significance Racial segregation shapes key aspects of a healthy society, including educational development, psychological well-being, and economic mobility. As such, a large literature has formed to measure segregation. Estimates of racial segregation often rely on assumptions of uniform interaction within some fixed time and geographic space despite the dynamic nature of urban environments. We leverage Global Positioning System data to estimate a measure of segregation that relaxes these strict assumptions. Experienced segregation according to our measure is substantially lower than standard measures would suggest. By decomposing segregation by functions of a city, like entertainment, restaurants, and retail, we facilitate targeted policy making where segregation matters most. We estimate a measure of segregation, experienced isolation, that captures individuals’ exposure to diverse others in the places they visit over the course of their days. Using Global Positioning System (GPS) data collected from smartphones, we measure experienced isolation by race. We find that the isolation individuals experience is substantially lower than standard residential isolation measures would suggest but that experienced isolation and residential isolation are highly correlated across cities. Experienced isolation is lower relative to residential isolation in denser, wealthier, more educated cities with high levels of public transit use and is also negatively correlated with income mobility. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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