Gender Difference, Nutritional Supplements and Drug use in Sport to Enhancing Performance: an Italian Revision over the Last Decade
| Autor: | Pietro Montesano, Filomena Mazzeo, Stefania Santamaria |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
lcsh:Sports
Drug medicine.medical_specialty business.industry illicit substances anti-doping controls media_common.quotation_subject technology industry and agriculture Physical Therapy Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation anti-doping programme drugs lcsh:GV557-1198.995 Tourism Leisure and Hospitality Management Family medicine gender Medicine lipids (amino acids peptides and proteins) Orthopedics and Sports Medicine sport business human activities media_common |
| Zdroj: | Sport Mont, Vol 17, Iss 1, Pp 69-73 (2019) |
| ISSN: | 2337-0351 1451-7485 |
| DOI: | 10.26773/smj.190212 |
| Popis: | In last years, there has been a multitude of studies on doping, such as in recreational and in amateur sport. The extent of this phenomenon was clarified for special populations (like e.g. bodybuilders) and for special substances (mostly for anabolic steroids). Doping is present in sportsmen and women; the reasons why may be many and various. The aim of this study is to discover the gender disparity of drugs addiction as doping practice and breakdown by sport bodies and gender. The data show the anti-doping test took place on Italian professional athletes during the last years: from 2007 to 2017. Data showed are originated from the report commissioned by the Italian Ministry of Health. About checked doped athletes there are significant gender differences in doping attitude and/or in doping profiling. First of all, males seem to be more exposed to doping than females. The prohibited substances most frequently used by females athletes are diuretics and masking agents (10 athletes in 2014), cannabinoids (5 in 2007) and stimulants (5 in 2011) compared to males athletes who use mostly anabolic agents (27 in 2017), cannabinoids (20 in 2012) and diuretics and masking agents (17 in 2011 e 2014). The addiction of doping substances, depends on various factors related to gender, but what drives men and women is the sense of gratification and ego orientation. Nowadays a significant number of women joined official and Olympic competitions. Doping to enhance female sport performances took importance from the two last decades of the past century. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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