Sex- and age-specific clinical and immunological features of coronavirus disease 2019

Autor: Saijing Chen, Xiaokun Li, Ming Li, Shengwei Jin, Mengzhen Xie, Ting Li, Chengshui Chen, Hui An, Tong Zhou, Zhangye Xu, Binyu Ying
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Male
RNA viruses
Aging
Viral Diseases
Pulmonology
Neutrophils
Coronaviruses
Lymphocyte
Physiology
White Blood Cells
Medical Conditions
0302 clinical medicine
Animal Cells
Medicine and Health Sciences
Cytotoxic T cell
Lymphocytes
030212 general & internal medicine
Biology (General)
Pathology and laboratory medicine
Sex Characteristics
0303 health sciences
T Cells
Incidence (epidemiology)
Age Factors
Middle Aged
Medical microbiology
Infectious Diseases
medicine.anatomical_structure
Viruses
Absolute neutrophil count
Female
Cellular Types
SARS CoV 2
Pathogens
Research Article
Sex characteristics
Adult
Adolescent
SARS coronavirus
QH301-705.5
Immune Cells
Inflammatory Diseases
T cell
Immunology
Cytotoxic T cells
Microbiology
Respiratory Disorders
03 medical and health sciences
Sex Factors
Virology
Genetics
medicine
Humans
Lymphocyte Count
Molecular Biology
B cell
Aged
030304 developmental biology
Blood Cells
SARS-CoV-2
business.industry
Organisms
Viral pathogens
COVID-19
Biology and Life Sciences
Covid 19
Cell Biology
RC581-607
Microbial pathogens
Respiratory Infections
Parasitology
Immunologic diseases. Allergy
business
CD8
Zdroj: PLoS Pathogens, Vol 17, Iss 3, p e1009420 (2021)
PLoS Pathogens
ISSN: 1553-7374
1553-7366
Popis: To simultaneously determine clinical and immunological responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in young and old females and males, 681 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and 369 normal controls (NCs) were analyzed based on age and sex classifications using multiple linear regression analysis. Compared to the age-matched NCs, both young and old male and female non-comorbid COVID-19 patients had lower lymphocyte counts and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentration, and only young male and female patients had lower neutrophil counts. Compared to young patients, both old males and females had significantly higher plasma ALT and AST concentrations. Compared to young and old females, age-matched males had higher plasma ALT and AST concentrations, but only young males had higher C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration. Compared to females, old males, but not young males, showed higher incidence of critical illness. Compared to young patients, old females had more leukocyte and neutrophil counts above the normal upper limit and B cell count below the normal lower limit (NLL), while old males had more lymphocyte and natural killer (NK) cell counts below the NLL. No sex or age associations with B cell and NK cell counts were observed. However, there were age-dependent decreases in CD8+ T-cell counts in both male and female COVID-19 patients. Age was negatively associated with CD8+ T cell counts but positively associated with neutrophil count, CRP, ALT, and AST concentrations, and sex (females) was negatively associated with neutrophil count, CRP, ALT, and AST concentrations. The present study suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection mainly induced 1) beneficial sex (female)-related differences regarding reduced COVID-19 disease severity and negative associations with inflammatory responses and liver damage, and 2) harmful age-related differences relating to negative associations with CD8+ T cell count and positive associations with inflammatory responses and liver damage. Thus, sex and age are biological variables that should be considered in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
Author summary Previous studies to estimate sex- or age-specific differences in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have not considered the differences in immune profiles and disease susceptibility patterns across life, attributed to variations in age and sex, and resulting in sex-age-confluent results. In this retrospective study, we assigned adult COVID-19 patients into four groups according to sex and age and simultaneously determined the features of sex- and age-specific clinical and immunological responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 infection mainly induced 1) beneficial sex (female)-related differences regarding reduced COVID-19 disease severity and negative associations with inflammatory responses and liver damage, and 2) harmful age-related differences regarding negative associations with CD8+ T cell numbers and positive associations with inflammatory responses and liver damage. The present findings emphasize that COVID-19 pathogenesis and treatment should be tailored according to sex and age.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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