Tsunami riskmanagement for crustal earthquakes and non-seismic sources in Italy

Autor: D. Mangione, Daniela Di Bucci, M. Santini, M. de’ Micheli Vitturi, Roberto Basili, Maurizio Ripepe, Fabrizio Romano, P. Di Manna, Alessandro Amato, Jacopo Selva, Finn Løvholt, Alberto Armigliato, A. Ricciardi, Filippo Zaniboni, A. Scalzo, Alessio Piatanesi, Stefano Lorito, E. Panunzi, Beatriz Brizuela, Matteo Cerminara, T. Esposti Ongaro, Giorgio Lacanna, Manuela Volpe, Fabrizio Bernardi, Roberto Tonini
Přispěvatelé: Jacopo Selva, Alessandro Amato, Alberto Armigliato, Roberto Basili, Fabrizio Bernardi, Beatriz Brizuela, Matteo Cerminara, Mattia de’Micheli Vitturi, Daniela Di Bucci, Pio Di Manna, Tomaso Esposti Ongaro, Giorgio Lacanna, Stefano Lorito, Finn Løvholt, Domenico Mangione, Eleonora Panunzi, Alessio Piatanesi, A. Ricciardi, Maurizio Ripepe, Fabrizio Romano, M. Santini, Antonella Scalzo, Roberto Tonini, Manuela Volpe, Filippo Zaniboni, Selva, J., Amato, A., Armigliato, A., Basili, R., Bernardi, F., Brizuela, B., Cerminara, M., de' Micheli Vitturi, M., Di Bucci, D., Di Manna, P., Esposti Ongaro, T., Lacanna, G., Lorito, S., L(o)vholt, F., Mangione, D., Panunzi, E., Piatanesi, A., Ricciardi, A., Ripepe, M., Romano, F., Santini, M., Scalzo, A., Tonini, R., Volpe, M., Zaniboni, F.
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Zdroj: La Rivista del Nuovo Cimento
Popis: Destructive tsunamis are most often generated by large earthquakes occurring at subduction interfaces, but also other “atypical” sources—defined as crustal earthquakes and non-seismic sources altogether—may cause significant tsunami threats. Tsunamis may indeed be generated by different sources, such as earthquakes, submarine or coastal landslides, volcano-related phenomena, and atmospheric perturbations. The consideration of atypical sources is important worldwide, but it is especially prominent in complex tectonic settings such as the Mediterranean, the Caribbean, or the Indonesian archipelago. The recent disasters in Indonesia in 2018, caused by the Palu-Sulawesi magnitude Mw 7.5 crustal earthquake and by the collapse of the Anak-Krakatau volcano, recall the importance of such sources. Dealing with atypical sources represents a scientific, technical, and computational challenge, which depends on the capability of quantifying and managing uncertainty efficiently and of reducing it with accurate physical modelling. Here, we first introduce the general framework in which tsunami threats are treated, and then we review the current status and the expected future development of tsunami hazard quantifications and of the tsunami warning systems in Italy, with a specific focus on the treatment of atypical sources. In Italy, where the memory of historical atypical events like the 1908 Messina earthquake or the relatively recent 2002 Stromboli tsunami is still vivid, specific attention has been indeed dedicated to the progressive development of innovative strategies to deal with such atypical sources. More specifically, we review the (national) hazard analyses and their application for coastal planning, as well as the two operating tsunami warning systems: the national warning system for seismically generated tsunamis (SiAM), whose upstream component—the CAT-INGV—is also a Tsunami Service Provider of the North-eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean and connected seas Tsunami Warning System (NEAMTWS) coordinated by the Intergovernmental Coordination Group established by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO, and the local warning system for tsunamis generated by volcanic slides along the Sciara del Fuoco of Stromboli volcano. Finally, we review the state of knowledge about other potential tsunami sources that may generate significant tsunamis for the Italian coasts, but that are not presently considered in existing tsunami warning systems. This may be considered the first step towards their inclusion in the national tsunami hazard and warning programs.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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