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To evaluate associations of refractive error and heterophoria with best-corrected visual acuity and stereoacuity in a population of healthy young adults.Data extracted from the Israeli Defense Forces Air Force candidates database was analyzed retrospectively. Myopia and hyperopia were defined as spherical equivalent of ≤ -0.50 D and ≥ +0.50 D. Cylinder of ≥0.75 D was considered astigmatism. Oblique astigmatism was defined as axis between 30°-60° and 120°-150°. Heterophoria of ≥8The study population included 5,491 subjects (75.8% male), with a mean age of 17.6 ± 0.9 years: 2,355 (42.9%) had myopia, 640 (11.6%) had hyperopia, and the rest were emmetropic. Astigmatism was present in 2,006 participants (36.5%), and of those, 619 (30.9%) had oblique astigmatism. Emmetropia was correlated with better best-corrected visual acuity; astigmatism and high hyperopia, with poorer best-corrected visual acuity. A total of 331 subjects (6%) had heterophoria of ≥8Emmetropia is associated with better best-corrected visual acuity and stereoacuity. Astigmatism and high hyperopia are correlated with poorer best-corrected visual acuity. Exophoria does not interfere with stereopsis, but both esophoria and anisometropia do. |
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