Clinic Blood Pressure Underestimates Ambulatory Blood Pressure in an Untreated Employer-Based US Population: Results From the Masked Hypertension Study
| Autor: | Joseph E. Schwartz, Joji Ishikawa, Matthew M. Burg, Steven R Grossman, Daichi Shimbo, Thomas G. Pickering, Joan E. Broderick, Richard P. Sloan, Tyla Yurgel, Arthur A. Stone |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male medicine.medical_specialty Ambulatory blood pressure Population 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology Prehypertension Body Mass Index 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Masked Hypertension Physiology (medical) medicine Humans 030212 general & internal medicine Intensive care medicine education Aged education.field_of_study business.industry Blood Pressure Monitoring Ambulatory Middle Aged United States Cardiovascular system Phenotype Blood pressure Emergency medicine Hypertension Medicine Female Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine business |
| DOI: | 10.7916/d8qv4zf3 |
| Popis: | Background: Ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) is consistently superior to clinic blood pressure (CBP) as a predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality risk. A common perception is that ABP is usually lower than CBP. The relationship of the CBP minus ABP difference to age has not been examined in the United States. Methods: Between 2005 and 2012, 888 healthy, employed, middle-aged (mean±SD age, 45±10.4 years) individuals (59% female, 7.4% black, 12% Hispanic) with screening BP Results: Average systolic/diastolic aABP (123.0/77.4±10.3/7.4 mm Hg) was significantly higher than the average of 9 CBP readings over 3 visits (116.0/75.4±11.6/7.7 mm Hg). aABP exceeded CBP by >10 mm Hg much more frequently than CBP exceeded aABP. The difference (aABP>CBP) was most pronounced in young adults and those with normal body mass index. The systolic difference progressively diminished, but did not disappear, at older ages and higher body mass indexes. The diastolic difference vanished around age 65 and reversed (CBP>aABP) for body mass index >32.5 kg/m 2 . Whereas 5.3% of participants were hypertensive by CBP, 19.2% were hypertensive by aABP; 15.7% of those with nonelevated CBP had masked hypertension. Conclusions: Contrary to a widely held belief, based primarily on cohort studies of patients with elevated CBP, ABP is not usually lower than CBP, at least not among healthy, employed individuals. Furthermore, a substantial proportion of otherwise healthy individuals with nonelevated CBP have masked hypertension. Demonstrated CBP−aABP gradients, if confirmed in representative samples (eg, NHANES [National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey]), could provide guidance for primary care physicians as to when, for a given CBP, 24-hour ABP would be useful to identify or rule out masked hypertension. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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