Multivariate Analysis of Black Race and Environmental Temperature on COVID-19 in the US
| Autor: | Adam Y Li, John R. Durbin, Naoum Fares Marayati, Tanvir F. Choudhri, Zachary Spiera, Muhammad Ali, Fiona M. McAuley, Theodore C Hannah, Alex Gometz, Nickolas Dreher, JT Kostman |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Multivariate statistics Multivariate analysis Pneumonia Viral Black People 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology Logistic regression Article Betacoronavirus Young Adult 03 medical and health sciences Race (biology) 0302 clinical medicine Environmental Temperature Humans Medicine 030212 general & internal medicine Social determinants of health Risk factor Pandemics Socioeconomic status Aged Models Statistical SARS-CoV-2 business.industry Incidence Incidence (epidemiology) Temperature COVID-19 General Medicine Middle Aged United States Coronavirus Multivariate Analysis Female Coronavirus Infections business Black Race Demography |
| Zdroj: | The American Journal of the Medical Sciences |
| ISSN: | 0002-9629 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.06.015 |
| Popis: | Background There has been much interest in environmental temperature and race as modulators of Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) infection and mortality. However, in the United States race and temperature correlate with various other social determinants of health, comorbidities, and environmental influences that could be responsible for noted effects. This study investigates the independent effects of race and environmental temperature on COVID-19 incidence and mortality in United States counties. Methods Data on COVID-19 and risk factors in all United States counties was collected. 661 counties with at least 50 COVID-19 cases and 217 with at least 10 deaths were included in analyses. Upper and lower quartiles for cases/100,000 people and halves for deaths/100,000 people were compared with t-tests. Adjusted linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the independent effects of race and environmental temperature. Results Multivariate regression analyses demonstrated Black race is a risk factor for increased COVID-19 cases (OR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.09–1.40, P=0.001) and deaths independent of comorbidities, poverty, access to health care, and other risk factors. Higher environmental temperature independently reduced caseload (OR=0.81, 95% CI: 0.71–0.91, P=0.0009), but not deaths. Conclusions Higher environmental temperatures correlated with reduced COVID-19 cases, but this benefit does not yet appear in mortality models. Black race was an independent risk factor for increased COVID-19 cases and deaths. Thus, many proposed mechanisms through which Black race might increase risk for COVID-19, such as socioeconomic and healthcare-related predispositions, are inadequate in explaining the full magnitude of this health disparity. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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