Molecular study of three cases of odontohypophosphatasia resulting from heterozygosity for mutations in the tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase gene
Autor: | Etienne Mornet, R Wallerstein, K Keppler-Noreuil, A N M Fliorito, M. Herasse, J Bergoffen, B. Simon-Bouy, C Muti, Agnès Taillandier, Marc Spentchian |
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Rok vydání: | 2003 |
Předmět: |
Adult
Male Models Molecular medicine.medical_specialty Pathologic fracture Mutation Missense Hypophosphatasia Dental Caries Biology medicine.disease_cause Cell Line Pathogenesis Autosomal recessive trait Internal medicine Chlorocebus aethiops Genetics medicine Animals Humans Child Protein Structure Quaternary Genetics (clinical) Dental alveolus Mutation Genetic Carrier Screening Phosphomonoesterase Alkaline Phosphatase medicine.disease Pedigree Endocrinology Organ Specificity Tooth Diseases Child Preschool COS Cells Mutagenesis Site-Directed Alkaline phosphatase Female Letter to JMG |
Zdroj: | Journal of Medical Genetics. 40:605-609 |
ISSN: | 1468-6244 |
Popis: | Hypophosphatasia is an inherited disorder characterised by defective bone and tooth mineralisation and deficiency of serum and bone alkaline phosphatase activity. The bone symptoms are highly variable in their clinical expression and range from stillbirths without mineralised bone to pathological fractures developing only late in adulthood.1 Odontohypophosphatasia is characterised by premature exfoliation of fully rooted primary teeth and/or severe dental caries, often not associated with abnormalities of the skeletal system.2,3 The anterior deciduous teeth are more likely to be affected and the most frequently lost are the incisors.4 Dental x rays show reduced alveolar bone and enlarged pulp chambers and root canals.2,4 Although the only clinical feature is dental disease, biochemical findings are generally indistinguishable from those in patients with mild forms of hypophosphatasia (adult and childhood). While perinatal hypophosphatasia and infantile hypophosphatasia are transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait, both autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant transmission may be found in childhood, adult, and odontohypophosphatasia.3,5–9 The distinction between recessive and dominant transmission may be difficult to determine conclusively by using familial analysis because expression of the disease is very variable, with parents of even severely affected children showing no or extremely mild symptoms of the disease.9,10 The tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) is a phosphomonoesterase anchored at its carboxyl terminus to the plasma membrane by a phosphatidylinositol-glycan moiety.11 The enzyme cleaves extracellular substrates pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP), phosphoethanolamine (PEA), and inorganic pyrophosphates (PPi). Its exact function in bone and dental mineralisation is still unclear but probably involves hydrolysis of Ppi12 and perhaps mammalian specific activities such as collagen and calcium binding.13 The TNSALP gene is localised on chromosome 1p36.114 and consists of 12 exons distributed over 50 kb.15 More than 127 distinct mutations have been described … |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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