Factor XIII-A: An Indispensable 'Factor' in Haemostasis and Wound Healing
| Autor: | Nicola J. Mutch, Claire S. Whyte, Fahad S. M. Alshehri |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Signal peptide Tissue transglutaminase Factor XIII-A Review 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology Models Biological Catalysis Fibrin lcsh:Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry 03 medical and health sciences transglutaminase 0302 clinical medicine cellular FXIII-A Drug Delivery Systems medicine Humans Platelet Physical and Theoretical Chemistry lcsh:QH301-705.5 Molecular Biology Spectroscopy Hemostasis Wound Healing biology Chemistry Organic Chemistry General Medicine Factor XIII Computer Science Applications Cell biology 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure lcsh:Biology (General) lcsh:QD1-999 haemostasis biology.protein Blood Vessels Bone marrow Wound healing Factor XIIIa Intracellular medicine.drug cross-linking |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 3055, p 3055 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 1422-0067 |
| Popis: | Factor XIII (FXIII) is a transglutaminase enzyme that catalyses the formation of ε-(γ-glutamyl)lysyl isopeptide bonds into protein substrates. The plasma form, FXIIIA2B2, has an established function in haemostasis, with fibrin being its principal substrate. A deficiency in FXIII manifests as a severe bleeding diathesis emphasising its crucial role in this pathway. The FXIII-A gene (F13A1) is expressed in cells of bone marrow and mesenchymal lineage. The cellular form, a homodimer of the A subunits denoted FXIII-A, was perceived to remain intracellular, due to the lack of a classical signal peptide for its release. It is now apparent that FXIII-A can be externalised from cells, by an as yet unknown mechanism. Thus, three pools of FXIII-A exist within the circulation: plasma where it circulates in complex with the inhibitory FXIII-B subunits, and the cellular form encased within platelets and monocytes/macrophages. The abundance of this transglutaminase in different forms and locations in the vasculature reflect the complex and crucial roles of this enzyme in physiological processes. Herein, we examine the significance of these pools of FXIII-A in different settings and the evidence to date to support their function in haemostasis and wound healing. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|