Modelling liquid film in modern GDI engines and the impact on particulate matter emissions, Part 1
| Autor: | Federico Biagiotti, Changzhao Jiang, Edward Hopkins, D. Morrey, Fabrizio Bonatesta, Sunny Verma, Davide Domenico Sciortino, Adrian Spencer, Robert Haigh, Sadjad Tajdaran, Changho Yang |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
particulate matter
gasoline direct injection particle number Particle number business.industry Mechanical Engineering Aerospace Engineering Ocean Engineering liquid film computational fluid dynamics Computational fluid dynamics Particulates multi-component surrogate fuel blend Liquid film Scientific method Automotive Engineering Environmental science CFD Process engineering business mixture preparation mixture homogeneity Gasoline direct injection engine modelling |
| Popis: | Copyright © 2021 by Institution of Mechanical Engineers and The Authors. This paper presents the details of a Computational Fluid Dynamics methodology to accurately model the process of mixture preparation in modern Gasoline Direct Injection engines, with particular emphasis on liquid film as one of the main causes of Particulate Matter formation. The proposed modelling protocol, centred on the Bai-Onera approach of droplets-wall interaction and on multi-component surrogate fuel blend models, is validated against relevant published data and then applied to a modern small-capacity GDI engine, featuring centrally-mounted spray-guided injection system. The work covers a range of part-load, stoichiometric and theoretically-homogeneous operating conditions, for which experimental engine data and engine-out Particle Number measurements were available. The results, based on the parametric variation of start of injection timing and injection pressure, demonstrate how both fuel mal-distribution and liquid film retained at spark timing, may contribute to PN emissions, whilst their relative importance vary depending on operating conditions and engine control strategy. Control of PN emissions and compliance with future, more stringent regulations remain large challenges for the engine industry. Renewed and disruptive approaches, which also consider the sustainability of the sector, appear to be essential. This work, developed using Siemens Simcenter CFD software as part of the Ford-led APC6 DYNAMO project, aims to contribute to the development of a reliable and cost-effective digital toolset, which supports engine development and diagnostics through a more fundamental assessment of engine operation and emissions formation. The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This investigation was financially supported by the Advanced Propulsion Centre (APC), as part of the Ford-led APC6 DYNAMO project, TSB/APC Project Ref. 113130. This investigation was financially supported by the Advanced Propulsion Centre (APC), as part of the Ford-led APC6 DYNAMO project, TSB/APC Project Ref. 113130. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|