Estimating safe maximum levels of vitamins and minerals in fortified foods and food supplements
| Autor: | Janette Walton, Laura Kehoe, Áine Hennessy, Albert Flynn |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male 0301 basic medicine Adolescent medicine.medical_treatment Population Medicine (miscellaneous) Fortified foods Recommended Dietary Allowances Risk Assessment Young Adult 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Nutrient Surveys and Questionnaires medicine Humans Food science Supplements Fortified Food Child education Aged Aged 80 and over education.field_of_study Minerals Safe maximum levels 030109 nutrition & dietetics Nutrition and Dietetics business.industry Vitamin E digestive oral and skin physiology Retinol Food composition data Original Contribution Vitamins Middle Aged Nutrition Surveys Food Analysis Trace Elements Folic acid chemistry Child Preschool Irish national nutrition surveys Dietary Supplements Food Fortified Female business |
| Zdroj: | European Journal of Nutrition |
| Popis: | Purpose: To show how safe maximum levels (SML) of vitamins and minerals in fortified foods and supplements may be estimated in population subgroups. Methods: SML were estimated for adults and 7- to 10-year-old children for six nutrients (retinol, vitamins B6, D and E, folic acid, iron and calcium) using data on usual daily nutrient intakes from Irish national nutrition surveys. Results: SML of nutrients in supplements were lower for children than for adults, except for calcium and iron. Daily energy intake from fortified foods in high consumers (95th percentile) varied by nutrient from 138 to 342 kcal in adults and 40–309 kcal in children. SML (/100 kcal) of nutrients in fortified food were lower for children than adults for vitamins B6 and D, higher for vitamin E, with little difference for other nutrients. Including 25 % ‘overage’ for nutrients in fortified foods and supplements had little effect on SML. Nutritionally significant amounts of these nutrients can be added safely to supplements and fortified foods for these population subgroups. The estimated SML of nutrients in fortified foods and supplements may be considered safe for these population subgroups over the long term given the food composition and dietary patterns prevailing in the respective dietary surveys. Conclusions: This risk assessment approach shows how nutrient intake data may be used to estimate, for population subgroups, the SML for vitamins and minerals in both fortified foods and supplements, separately, each taking into account the intake from other dietary sources. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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