Sex Hormones and Macronutrient Metabolism
| Autor: | Fabio Virgili, Aida Turrini, Anna Saba, Claudia Arganini, Raffaella Comitato |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Protein metabolism Biology Bioinformatics Polymorphism Single Nucleotide Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering polymorphism chemistry.chemical_compound Sex Factors Pregnancy fat Dietary Carbohydrates Humans Lactation Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Gonadal Steroid Hormones Sex Characteristics amino acids Fatty Acids Gender Original Articles General Medicine Metabolism Diet Sexual hormones chemistry Body Composition Female Dietary Proteins Energy Metabolism Metabolic activity Nutritional science Flux (metabolism) Food Science Hormone |
| Zdroj: | Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition |
| ISSN: | 1549-7852 1040-8398 |
| Popis: | The biological differences between males and females are determined by a different set of genes and by a different reactivity to environmental stimuli, including the diet, in general. These differences are further emphasized and driven by the exposure to a different hormone flux throughout the life. These differences have not been taken into appropriate consideration by the scientific community. Nutritional sciences are not immune from this “bias” and when nutritional needs are concerned, females are considered only when pregnant, lactating or when their hormonal profile is returning back to “normal,” i.e., to the male-like profile. The authors highlight some of the most evident differences in aspects of biology that are associated with nutrition. This review presents and describes available data addressing differences and similarities of the “reference man” vs. the “reference woman” in term of metabolic activity and nutritional needs. According to this assumption, available evidences of sex-associated differences of specific biochemical pathways involved in substrate metabolism are reported and discussed. The modulation by sexual hormones affecting glucose, amino acid and protein metabolism and the metabolization of nutritional fats and the distribution of fat depots, is considered targeting a tentative starting up background for a gender concerned nutritional science. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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