| Popis: |
Industrial discharges, in the form of effluent or wastewater is one of the biggest problems causing serious environmental pollution. Bioremediation is an emerging technology for removing the heavy metals from the contaminated environment. In the present study, industrial effluent samples from five different sites of Bhusan Steel Plant (BSP) and National Thermal Power plant Corporation (NTPC) were collected. Heavy metal analysis of effluent samples showed the presence of a number of metals like Chromium(Cr), Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb), Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni), and Cadmium (Cd), from which Mn, Cr, Pb and Zn were beyond the permissible limit. Five different fungal strains were isolated and identified as Penicillium sp., Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus sp., Penicillium adametzi and Aspergillus niger. Out of which, Aspergillus fumigatus was found to remove maximum Cr from the culture broth in comparison with other isolates. Hence, from the present study it can be concluded that indigenous fungi can be a novel tool for bioremediation. Further studies need to be carried out on biosorption of toxic heavy metals through fungi REFERENCES Anand, P., Isar, J., Saran, S. and Saxena, R.K. 2006. Bioaccumulation of copped by Trichoderma viridae. Bioresource Technology, 97: 1018-1025. Anitha, Mummigatti, U.V., Madhusudhan and Punith Kumar, C.H. 2013. Effect of organic and inorganic seed priming on soybean germination and yield parameters. Biolife. 1(4), 223-230. APHA. 2005. Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water, 21st edition, Washington DC. Bajwa, R., Khokhar, I., Mukhtar, I. and Mushtaq, S. 2010. Isolation and Identification of Filamentous Fungi from Different Industrial Effluents. Plant Product Research Journal, 14: 32 – 35. Balakrishnan, M., Modak, J.M., Natarajan, K. A. and Naik, J.S.G. 1994. Biological uptake of precious and base metals from gold process cyanide effluents. Mineral Metal Process, 11: 197–202. Faryal, R., Lodhi, A. and Hameed, A. 2006. Isolation and Characterization and Biosorption of Zinc by indigenous fungal strains Aspergillus fumigates RH05 and Aspergillus flavus RH07. Pakistan Journal of Bot., 38: 817-832. Galun, M., Keller, P., Malki, D., Feldstein, H., Galun, E., Siegel, S.M. and Siegel, B. Z. 1983. Removal of uranium (VI) from solution by fungal biomass and fungal wall-related biopolymers, Science, 219: 285-286. Gomes, N.C.M., MendoncËa-Hagler, L.C.S. and Savvaidis, I. 1998. Metal bioremediation by micro-organisms, Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 29: 85-92 Holan, Z.R. and Volesky, B. 1995. Accumulation of Cd, Pb and Ni by fungal and wood biosorbents, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 53: 133-196. Hooda, V. 2007. Phytoremediation of toxic metals from soil and wastewater. Journal Environmental Biology, 28, 367-376. Ilhan, S., Macit, N. N., Serpil, K. and Husengin, O. 2004. Removal of Chromium, Lead and copper ions from industrial waste water by Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Turkish Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 2: 50-57. Leitao, L.C. 2009. Review: Potential of Penicillium Species in the Bioremediation Field. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 6: 1393-1417 Mukherjee, A., Das, D., Mondal, S.K., Biswas, R., Das, T.K., Boujedaini, N. and Anisur, R. 2009. Tolerance of arsenate induced stress in Aspergillus niger, a possible candidate for bioremediation. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 1-11. Nagamani, A., Kunwar, I.K. and Manoharachary, C. 2006. Handbook of Soil Fungi, I K International Pvt. Ltd. Niyogi, S., Abraham, T.E. and Ramakrishna, S.V. 1998. Removal of chromium (VI) ions from industrial effluents by immobilized biomass of Rhizopus arrhizus. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research India, 57: 809–816 Pardo, R., Herguedas, M. and Barrado, E. 2003. Biosorption of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn by inactive biomass of Pseudomonas putida. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 376: 26-32. Prabhu, P.C. and Udayasoorian, C. 2005. Decolourisation and Degradation of phenolic paper mill effluent by native white-rot fungus Phanerochate chrysosporium. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 4: 60-63. Rajendran, P., Muthukrishnan J. and Gunasekaran, P. 2003. Microbes in heavy metal remediation. Ind. J. Exp. Biol., 41, 935-944. Saxena, P. and Bhattacharyya, A.K. 2006. Nickel Tolerance and Accumulation by Filamentous Fungi from Sludge of Metal Finishing Industry. Geomicrobiology Journal, 23: 333–340. Say, R., Yilmaz, N. and Denizli, A. 2003. Removal of heavy metal ions using the fungus Penicillium canescens. Adsorption Science, Technology, 21: 643-650. Shukla, V., Dhankhar, J., Prakash and Sastry, K.V. 2007. Bioaccumulation of Zn, Cu and Cd in Channa punctatus. Journal of Environmental Biology, 28, 395-397. Timnoy, J.F., Port, J., Giles, J. and Spainer, I. 1998. Heavy metals and antibiotic resistance in the bacterial flora of sediments of New York Bright. Applied environmental Microbiology, 36: 465- 472. White, C., Sayer, J.A and Gadd, G.M. 1997. Microbial solubilization and immobilization of toxic metals: Key biogeochemical process for treatment of contamination; FEMS. Microbial Revolution, 20: 503-516. Yigit, Sibel and Ahmet Altindag. 2006. Concentration of heavy metals in the food web of Lake Egirdir, Turkey. J Environmental Biology, 27, 475-478. . |
