Glycemic, insulinemic and methylglyoxal postprandial responses to starches alone or in whole diets in dogs versus cats: Relating the concept of glycemic index to metabolic responses and gene expression
| Autor: | Jennifer M. Briens, M. D. Drew, Kaushik M. Desai, Matthew E. Loewen, Lynn P. Weber, Kyla M. Zatti, Jennifer L. Adolphe, Alyssa Kilgour, Marina Subramaniam |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Blood Glucose
Male medicine.medical_specialty Physiology Carbohydrate metabolism Biology Biochemistry 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Dogs Internal medicine Dietary Carbohydrates medicine Animals Insulin Molecular Biology 030304 developmental biology Glycemic 2. Zero hunger 0303 health sciences CATS Glucokinase Methylglyoxal 0402 animal and dairy science Glucose transporter Starch 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences Postprandial Period Pyruvaldehyde Animal Feed 040201 dairy & animal science Diet Glucose Endocrinology Glycemic index Postprandial chemistry Glycemic Index Area Under Curve Cats Carbohydrate Metabolism Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Digestion Female |
| Zdroj: | Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology. 257:110973 |
| ISSN: | 1095-6433 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.110973 |
| Popis: | Species differences between domestic cats (Felis catus) and dogs (Canis familiaris) has led to differences in their ability to digest, absorb and metabolize carbohydrates through poorly characterized mechanisms. The current study aimed to first examine biopsied small intestine, pancreas, liver and skeletal muscle from laboratory beagles and domestic cats for mRNA expression of key enzymes involved in starch digestion (amylase), glucose transport (sodium-dependent SGLTs and -independent glucose transporters, GLUT) and glucose metabolism (hexokinase and glucokinase). Cats had lower mRNA expression of most genes examined in almost all tissues compared to dogs (p < 0.05). Next, postprandial glucose, insulin, methylglyoxal (a toxic glucose metabolite) and d-lactate (metabolite of methylglyoxal) after single feedings of different starch sources were tested in fasted dogs and cats. After feeding pure glucose, peak postprandial blood glucose and methylglyoxal were surprisingly similar between dogs and cats, except cats had a longer time to peak and a greater area under the curve consistent with lower glycolytic enzyme expression. After feeding starches or whole diets to dogs, postprandial glycemic response, glycemic index, insulin, methylglyoxal and d-lactate followed reported glycemic index trends in humans. In contrast, cats showed very low to negligible postprandial glycemic responses and low insulin after feeding different starch sources, but not whole diets, with no relationship to methylglyoxal or d-lactate. Thus, the concept of glycemic index appears valid in dogs, but not cats. Differences in amylase, glucose transporters, and glycolytic enzymes are consistent with species differences in starch and glucose handling between cats and dogs. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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