Dynamics of spontaneous symmetry breaking in a space-time crystal
| Autor: | J. Smits, H. T. C. Stoof, P. van der Straten, J. N. Stehouwer |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases
Physics Spontaneous symmetry breaking Time evolution FOS: Physical sciences Non-equilibrium thermodynamics Semiclassical physics Symmetry (physics) Langevin equation Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas) Quantum mechanics Space-time crystal Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases Quantum |
| Zdroj: | Physical Review A. 104 |
| ISSN: | 2469-9934 2469-9926 |
| Popis: | We present the theory of spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) of discrete time translations as recently realized in the space-time crystals of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate. The non-equilibrium physics related to such a driven-dissipative system is discussed in both the Langevin as well as the Fokker-Planck formulation. We consider a semi-classical and a fully quantum approach, depending on the dissipation being either frequency independent or linearly dependent on frequency, respectively. For both cases, the Langevin equation and Fokker-Planck equation are derived, and the resulting equilibrium distribution is studied. We also study the time evolution of the space-time crystal and focus in particular on its formation and the associated dynamics of the spontaneous breaking of a Z2 symmetry out of the symmetry unbroken phase, i.e., the equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensate before the periodic drive is turned on. Finally, we compare our results with experiments and conclude that our theory provides a solid foundation for the observations. 15 pages, 5 figures |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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