Three ancient documents solve the jigsaw of the parchment purple spot deterioration and validate the microbial succession model
| Autor: | A Rubechini, Luciana Migliore, F. Mercuri, Silvia Orlanducci, N. Perini, Maria Cristina Thaller |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Halobacterium
Paper Halobacterium salinarum 0301 basic medicine Settore BIO/07 Parchment microbial succession lcsh:Medicine Biology Spectrum Analysis Raman Settore BIO/19 - Microbiologia Generale Animal origin Article purple spot damage 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Bacterioruberin lcsh:Science Multidisciplinary Multidisciplinary analysis lcsh:R Significant part High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing Reproducibility of Results Parchment purple spot damage microbial succession Archaea Halobacterium salinarum Archaea Cultural heritage Microbial succession Biodegradation Environmental 030104 developmental biology Evolutionary biology Metagenome lcsh:Q Collagen 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Animal skin |
| Zdroj: | Scientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2019) Scientific Reports |
| ISSN: | 2045-2322 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41598-018-37651-y |
| Popis: | The preservation of cultural heritage is one of the major challenges of today’s society. Parchments, a semi-solid matrix of collagen produced from animal skin, are a significant part of the cultural heritage, being used as writing material since ancient times. Due to their animal origin, parchments easily undergo biodeterioration: the most common biological damage is characterized by isolated or coalescent purple spots, that often lead to the detachment of the superficial layer and the consequent loss of written content. Although many parchments with purple spot biodegradative features were studied, no common causative agent had been identified so far. In a previous study a successional model has been proposed, basing on the multidisciplinary analysis of damaged versus undamaged samples from a moderately damaged document. Although no specific sequences were observed, the results pointed to Halobacterium salinarum as the starting actor of the succession. In this study, to further investigate this topic, three dramatically damaged parchments were analysed; belonging to a collection archived as Faldone Patrizi A 19, and dated back XVI-XVII century A.D. With the same multidisciplinary approach, the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS, Illumina platform) revealed DNA sequences belonging to Halobacterium salinarum; the RAMAN spectroscopy identified the pigment within the purple spots as haloarchaeal bacterioruberin and bacteriorhodopsine, and the LTA technique quantified the extremely damaged collagen structures through the entire parchments, due to the biological attack to the parchment frame structures. These results allowed to propose a model of the progressive degradation pattern of the parchment collagen. Overall, these data validate a multi-phase microbial succession model. This demonstration is pivotal to possible new restoration strategies, important for a huge number of ancient documents. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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