Escherichia coli Reduction in Water by Zero-Valent Iron–Sand Filtration Is Based on Water Quality Parameters
| Autor: | Manan Sharma, Pei C. Chiu, Seongyun Kim, Sarah Sabet, Kalmia E. Kniel, Katherine Eckart, Cheryl East, Eric T. Handy, Amy R. Sapkota |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Irrigation
Geography Planning and Development agricultural water sand Aquatic Science Biochemistry irrigation law.invention Animal science stomatognathic system law parasitic diseases Farm water Turbidity TD201-500 Filtration non-traditional water Water Science and Technology filtration Zerovalent iron zero-valent iron Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes Chemistry Escherichia coli Hydraulic engineering Filter (aquarium) pond Composition (visual arts) Water quality TC1-978 |
| Zdroj: | Water Volume 13 Issue 19 Water, Vol 13, Iss 2702, p 2702 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 2073-4441 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/w13192702 |
| Popis: | Improving the microbial quality of agricultural water through filtration can benefit small farms globally. The incorporation of zero-valent iron (ZVI) into sand filters (ZVI–sand) has been effective in reducing E. coli, Listeria spp., and viruses from agricultural water. This study evaluated ZVI–sand filtration in reducing E. coli levels based on influent water type and the percentage of ZVI in sand filters. A ZVI–sand filter (50% ZVI/50% sand) significantly (p < 0.001) reduced E. coli levels in deionized water by more than 1.5 log CFU/mL compared to pond water over six separate trials, indicating that water type impacts E. coli removal. Overall reductions in E. coli in deionized water and pond water were 98.8 ± 1.7% and 63 ± 24.0% (mean ± standard deviation), respectively. Filters constructed from 50% ZVI/50% sand showed slightly more reduction in E. coli in pond water than filters made from a composition of 35% ZVI/65% sand however, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.48). Principal component analysis identified that the turbidity and conductivity of influent water affected E. coli reductions in filtered water in this study. ZVI–sand filtration reduces Escherichia coli levels more effectively in waters that contain low turbidity values. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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