Timing of Cortico-Muscle Transmission During Active Movement
| Autor: | Gustaf M. Van Acker, Carl W. Luchies, Paul D. Cheney |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Male Time Factors Cognitive Neuroscience Neural Conduction Action Potentials Electromyography Biology Stimulus (physiology) Motor Activity 03 medical and health sciences Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience 0302 clinical medicine Forelimb medicine Animals Muscle Skeletal Neurons medicine.diagnostic_test Active movement Motor Cortex Motor control Original Articles Macaca mulatta Electric Stimulation Electrodes Implanted 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure Facilitation Stimulus frequency Primary motor cortex Neuroscience Microelectrodes 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Popis: | Numerous studies have reported large disparities between short cortico-muscle conduction latencies and long recorded delays between cortical firing and evoked muscle activity. Using methods such as spike- and stimulus-triggered averaging of electromyographic (EMG) activity, previous studies have shown that the time delay between corticomotoneuronal (CM) cell firing and onset of facilitation of forelimb muscle activity ranges from 6.7 to 9.8 ms, depending on the muscle group tested. In contrast, numerous studies have reported delays of 60-122 ms between cortical cell firing onset and either EMG or movement onset during motor tasks. To further investigate this disparity, we simulated rapid active movement by applying frequency-modulated stimulus trains to M1 cortical sites in a rhesus macaque performing a movement task. This yielded corresponding EMG modulations, the latency of which could be measured relative to the stimulus modulations. The overall mean delay from stimulus frequency modulation to EMG modulation was 11.5 ± 5.6 ms, matching closely the conduction time through the cortico-muscle pathway (12.6 ± 2.0 ms) derived from poststimulus facilitation peaks computed at the same sites. We conclude that, during active movement, the delay between modulated M1 cortical output and its impact on muscle activity approaches the physical cortico-muscle conduction time. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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