Rabies in Kazakhstan
| Autor: | Sarsenbay K. Abdrakhmanov, Bolat Sh. Karatayev, A.A. Sultanov, Paul R. Torgerson, A.M. Abdybekova |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | University of Zurich, Torgerson, Paul R |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Viral Diseases
Veterinary medicine Cost-Benefit Analysis medicine.medical_treatment Foxes medicine.disease_cause Geographical Locations Indirect costs 0302 clinical medicine Zoonoses Economic cost Medicine and Health Sciences Public and Occupational Health 030212 general & internal medicine Economic impact analysis health care economics and organizations Mammals Vaccines Incidence lcsh:Public aspects of medicine Vaccination Agriculture Ruminants Vaccination and Immunization Kazakhstan Europe Infectious Diseases Veterinary Diseases Vertebrates Regression Analysis Public Health Quality-Adjusted Life Years Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Research Article Neglected Tropical Diseases Asia Livestock lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine Rabies lcsh:RC955-962 Immunology 030231 tropical medicine 610 Medicine & health 03 medical and health sciences Dogs Bovines Environmental health medicine Animals Humans 10599 Chair in Veterinary Epidemiology Post-exposure prophylaxis Rabies virus Organisms Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Biology and Life Sciences lcsh:RA1-1270 2739 Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health 2725 Infectious Diseases Tropical Diseases medicine.disease Quality-adjusted life year Rabies Vaccines Amniotes People and Places 570 Life sciences biology Veterinary Science Cattle Preventive Medicine |
| Zdroj: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 10, Iss 8, p e0004889 (2016) PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| ISSN: | 1935-2735 |
| DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004889 |
| Popis: | Background Rabies is a neglected zoonotic disease. There is a sparsity of data on this disease with regard to the incidence of human and animal disease in many low and middle income countries. Furthermore, rabies results in a large economic impact and a high human burden of disease. Kazakhstan is a large landlocked middle income country that gained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991 and is endemic for rabies. Methodology/Principal Findings We used detailed public health and veterinary surveillance data from 2003 to 2015 to map where livestock rabies is occurring. We also estimate the economic impact and human burden of rabies. Livestock and canine rabies occurred over most of Kazakhstan, but there were regional variations in disease distribution. There were a mean of 7.1 officially recorded human fatalities due to rabies per year resulting in approximately 457 Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). A mean of 64,289 individuals per annum underwent post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) which may have resulted in an additional 1140 DALYs annually. PEP is preventing at least 118 cases of human rabies each year or possibly as many as 1184 at an estimated cost of $1193 or $119 per DALY averted respectively. The estimated economic impact of rabies in Kazakhstan is $20.9 million per annum, with nearly half of this cost being attributed to the cost of PEP and the loss of income whilst being treated. A further $5.4 million per annum was estimated to be the life time loss of income for fatal cases. Animal vaccination programmes and animal control programmes also contributed substantially to the economic losses. The direct costs due to rabies fatalities of agricultural animals was relatively low. Conclusions/Significance This study demonstrates that in Kazakhstan there is a substantial economic cost and health impact of rabies. These costs could be reduced by modifying the vaccination programme that is now practised. The study also fills some data gaps on the epidemiology and economic effects of rabies in respect to Kazakhstan. Author Summary Kazakhstan is a large central Asian country that was part of the Soviet Union until 1991. The country is endemic for rabies. This study shows that there are areas of Kazakhstan such as the north and south east of the country where outbreaks of animal rabies are concentrated. Cattle, dogs and foxes are the animals most frequently confirmed with rabies. A mean of 7.1 human deaths annually due to rabies occurred between 2009 and 2015 inclusive in Kazakhstan resulting in 457 disability adjusted life years. A mean of 64,801 people each year are recorded as suffering bite injuries from animals, mainly due to dogs. Children are at higher risk of being bitten. However, the widespread use of post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) prevents at least 118 and possibly up to 1184 fatalities per annum of people bitten by rabid animals. The economic costs of this disease are high: exceeding $20 million per annum. However, the widespread use of PEP is cost effective in reducing the burden of disease. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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