Age- and sex-related changes in three-dimensional lip morphology
| Autor: | Miriam Binelli, Marcio De Menezes, Chiarella Sforza, Gaia Grandi, Claudia Dolci, Virgilio F. Ferrario |
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| Rok vydání: | 2010 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Aging Adolescent Age and sex Pathology and Forensic Medicine Young Adult Imaging Three-Dimensional stomatognathic system medicine Humans Craniofacial Vermilion Child Aged Sex Characteristics Philtrum business.industry Healthy subjects Forensic anthropology Anatomy Middle Aged Late adolescence Lip stomatognathic diseases medicine.anatomical_structure Child Preschool Forensic Anthropology Regression Analysis Female Factor Analysis Statistical business Law Sex characteristics |
| Zdroj: | Forensic Science International. 200:182.e1-182.e7 |
| ISSN: | 0379-0738 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.04.050 |
| Popis: | The objective of this study was to supply information about: (1) normal sex-related dimensions of mouth and lips (linear distances, ratios, angles, area, volume); and (2) growth changes between childhood and old age. The three-dimensional coordinates of several soft-tissue landmarks on the lips and face were obtained by a non-invasive, computerized electromagnetic digitizer in 532 male and 386 female healthy subjects aged 4-73 years. From the landmarks, linear distances (mouth width, width of the philtrum, vermilion heights of the upper, lower and total lips, total lip height), the vermilion height-to-mouth width ratio, areas (vermilion of the upper, lower and total lip) and volumes (upper, lower, and total lip volume) were calculated and averaged for age and sex. Comparisons were performed by factorial analysis of variance. Mouth width, width of the philtrum, total lip height, and lip volumes were significantly larger in men than in women (p |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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