Influence of Football on Physiological Cardiac Indexes in Professional and Young Athletes

Autor: Christian Zammit, Anna Valenzano, Francesco Sessa, Maria Pina Mollica, Ines Villano, Lorenzo Todaro, Marcellino Monda, Giovanni Messina, Giuseppe Cibelli, Maria Ruberto, Giuseppe Davide Albano, Orazio Cascio, Vincenzo Monda, Monica Salerno, Cristian V. Francavilla, Antonietta Messina, Gabriella Marsala, Fabio Triolo
Přispěvatelé: Francavilla, Cristian V., Sessa, Francesco, Salerno, Monica, Albano, Giuseppe D., Villano, Ine, Messina, Giovanni, Triolo, Fabio, Todaro, Lorenzo, Ruberto, Maria, Marsala, Gabriella, Cascio, Orazio, Mollica, Maria P., Monda, Vincenzo, Cibelli, Giuseppe, Valenzano, Anna, Zammit, Christian, Monda, Marcellino, Messina, Antonietta, Francavilla, Cv, Sessa, F, Salerno, M, Albano, Gd, Villano, I, Messina, G, Triolo, F, Todaro, L, Ruberto, M, Marsala, G, Cascio, O, Mollica, Mp, Monda, V, Cibelli, G, Valenzano, A, Zammit, C, Monda, M, Messina, A.
Rok vydání: 2018
Předmět:
heart adaptation to exercise
medicine.medical_specialty
Physiology
echocardiographic parameters
Physical examination
Football
030204 cardiovascular system & hematology
lcsh:Physiology
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Physiology (medical)
Internal medicine
athlete's heart
medicine
Athlete's heart
Echocardiographic parameters
Heart adaptation to exercise
Left ventricle dimensions
Professional football player
Interventricular septum
left ventricle dimensions
Prospective cohort study
Original Research
Ejection fraction
lcsh:QP1-981
biology
medicine.diagnostic_test
Athletes
business.industry
professional football player
biology.organism_classification
Test (assessment)
medicine.anatomical_structure
Ventricle
Cardiology
Echocardiographic parameter
Left ventricle dimension
business
human activities
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Zdroj: Frontiers in Physiology, Vol 9 (2018)
Frontiers in Physiology
ISSN: 1664-042X
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00153
Popis: Background: After long-term intensive training, considerable morphological and functional heart changes occur in professional athletes. Such changes arise progressively and regress upon interruption of the physical activity. Morphological and functional alterations on heart are known as "Athlete's heart" condition. Objective: This study aims to compare echocardiographic parameters in two different groups of professional athletes. Furthermore, a prospective study is performed analyzing the echocardiographic changes occurring in 12 professional players in 3 years of follow-up. Materials and Methods: 78 football players were examined from July 2011 to May 2016 (40 enrolled in Group A and 38 in Group B). Twelve players of GROUP A were followed for 3 consecutive seasons. The general clinical examination, the cardiopulmonary evaluation, the ECG, the ergometer stress test, the spirometric examination and the standard cardiac eco color doppler test were recorded. Results: Left ventricle dimensions, left atrium dimensions, and interventricular septum dimensions were higher in A players than in B players. Moreover, following up 12 players for 3 years, a statistically significant increase of such values was observed. Discussion: In A players, higher dimensions of the left chambers and the interventricular septum were observed, compared to B players. No statistically significant difference was found regarding the ejection fraction. The 3 years follow-up showed a statistically significant increase of both left chambers and interventricular septum dimensions, particularly in the second and third year. Conclusions: These findings demonstrated that A players have higher echocardiographic parameters respect to B players. The results of this study support the scientific theory that long-term intensive training influences heart function, inducing "athlete's heart" with morphological adaptations. No significant echocardiographic variation within the examined sample was observed for different roles (goalkeeper, defender, midfielder, or attacker) or skills of individual players.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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