Volcanic ash layers illuminate the resilience of Neanderthals and early modern humans to natural hazards
| Autor: | Lowe, John, Barton, N., Blockley, Simon, Ramsey, C. Bronk, Cullen, Victoria L., Davies, S. W. G., Gamble, Clive, Grant, Katharine, Hardiman, Mark, Housley, Rupert, Lane, Christine S., Lee, Sharen, Lewis, Mark, MacLeod, Alison, Menzies, Martin, Muller, Wolfgang, Pollard, Mark, Price, Catherine, Roberts, Andrew P., Rohling, Eelco J., Satow, Christopher, Smith, V.C., Stringer, C. B., Tomlinson, Emma, White, Dustin, Albert, Paul, Arienzo, Ilenia, Barker, G., Carandente, Antonio, Civetta, Lucia, Farrand, William, Ferrier, Catherine, Gaudelli, Jean-Luc, Karkanas, Panagiotis, Koumouzelis, Margarita, Muller, Ulrich C., Orsi, Giovanni, Pross, Jorg, Rosi, Mauro, Shalamanov-Korobar, Ljiljiana, Sirakov, Nikolay, Tzedakis, Polychronis C., Boric, Dusan |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Lowe, J., Barton, N., Blockley, S., Bronk Ramsey, C., Cullen, V. L., Davies, W., Gamble, C., Grant, K., Hardiman, M., Housley, R., Lane, C. S., Lee, S., Lewis, M., Macleod, A., Menzies, M., Müller, W., Pollard, M., Price, C., Roberts, A. P., Rohling, E. J., Satow, C., Smith, V., Stringer, C., Tomlinson, E. L. White D., Albert, P., Arienzo, I., Barker, G., Carandente, A., Civetta, Lucia, Farrand, W., Ferrier, C., Gaudelli, J. L., Karkanas, P., Koumouzelis, M., Muller, U. C., Orsi, G., Pross, J., Rosi, M., Shalamanov Korobar, L., Sirakov, N., Tzedakis, P. C., Borić, D., Department of Geography, University College of London [London] (UCL), Institute of Archaeology, University of Oxford [Oxford], Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], Archaeology Department, University of Southampton, Ocean and Earth Science [Southampton], University of Southampton-National Oceanography Centre (NOC), Palaeontology Department, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Department of Earth Sciences [Egham], Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Research School of Earth Sciences [Canberra] (RSES), Australian National University (ANU), The Natural History Museum, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Palermo, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Cardiff School of History, Ancient History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche [Naples], Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, PPP, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ephoreia of Palaeoanthropology-Speleology of Southern Greece, Institute of Geosciences [Frankfurt am Main], Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Universita di Pisa Dip. Scienze Geologiche (UNIV. PISA), University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, National Institution Museum of Macedonia, National Archaeological Institute and Museum (NAIM), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS) |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Neanderthal
Human dispersal Climate 010502 geochemistry & geophysics 01 natural sciences Mass Spectrometry Research Groups and Centres\Earth Sciences\Geochemistry Campanian Ignimbrite Earliest anatomically modern human VOLCANIC ASH Tephra Neanderthals MODERN HUMANS education.field_of_study Multidisciplinary biology Fossils Hominidae Biological Sciences ABRUPT CLIMATE-CHANGE Archaeology campi Flegrei Geology 010506 paleontology Cryptotephra deposits [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory Faculty of Science\Geography [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes Population Research Groups and Centres\Earth Sciences\Ancient and Modern Earth Systems Volcanic Eruptions Paleontology volcanology Natural hazard biology.animal Commentaries Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology Faculty of Science\Earth Sciences Animals Humans education 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Vulcanian eruption Volcanic eruption 15. Life on land biology.organism_classification Research Groups and Centres\Geography\Centre for Quaternary Research archeology 13. Climate action Anatomically modern human Upper Paleolithic Microscopy Electron Scanning Paleolithic Transitions Volcanic ash |
| Zdroj: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109 (34) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, National Academy of Sciences, 2012, 109 (34), pp.13532-13537. ⟨10.1073/pnas.1204579109⟩ Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
| ISSN: | 0027-8424 1091-6490 |
| DOI: | 10.1073/pnas.1204579109 |
| Popis: | Marked changes in human dispersal and development during the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition have been attributed to massive volcanic eruption and/or severe climatic deterioration. We test this concept using records of volcanic ash layers of the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption dated to ca. 40,000 y ago (40 ka B.P.). The distribution of the Campanian Ignimbrite has been enhanced by the discovery of cryptotephra deposits (volcanic ash layers that are not visible to the naked eye) in archaeological cave sequences. They enable us to synchronize archaeological and paleoclimatic records through the period of transition from Neanderthal to the earliest anatomically modern human populations in Europe. Our results confirm that the combined effects of a major volcanic eruption and severe climatic cooling failed to have lasting impacts on Neanderthals or early modern humans in Europe. We infer that modern humans proved a greater competitive threat to indigenous populations than natural disasters. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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