Spatial variation in exploited metapopulations obscures risk of collapse
| Autor: | Anne K. Salomon, Andrew O. Shelton, Philip S. Levin, Margot Hessing-Lewis, Jameal F. Samhouri, Daniel K. Okamoto, Adrian C. Stier |
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| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Oceans and Seas Population Dynamics Metapopulation 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences Stability (probability) Econometrics medicine Animals Humans 14. Life underwater Natural resource management Economic consequences Collapse (medical) Ecosystem Ecology Spatial complexity 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology Fishes 15. Life on land Geography 13. Climate action Spatial ecology Spatial variability medicine.symptom |
| Zdroj: | Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of AmericaLiterature Cited. 30(3) |
| ISSN: | 1051-0761 |
| Popis: | Unanticipated declines among exploited species have commonly occurred despite harvests that appeared sustainable prior to collapse. This is particularly true in the oceans where spatial scales of management are often mismatched with spatially complex metapopulations. We explore causes, consequences, and potential solutions for spatial mismatches in harvested metapopulations in three ways. First, we generate novel theory illustrating when and how harvesting metapopulations increases spatial variability and in turn masks local-scale volatility. Second, we illustrate why spatial variability in harvested metapopulations leads to negative consequences using an empirical example of a Pacific herring metapopulation. Finally, we construct a numerical management strategy evaluation model to identify and highlight potential solutions for mismatches in spatial scale and spatial variability. Our results highlight that spatial complexity can promote stability at large scales, however, ignoring spatial complexity produces cryptic and negative consequences for people and animals that interact with resources at small scales. Harvesting metapopulations magnifies spatial variability, which creates discrepancies between regional and local trends while increasing risk of local population collapses. Such effects asymmetrically impact locally constrained fishers and predators, which are more exposed to risks of localized collapses. Importantly, we show that dynamically optimizing harvest can minimize local risk without sacrificing yield. Thus, multiple nested scales of management may be necessary to avoid cryptic collapses in metapopulations and the ensuing ecological, social, and economic consequences. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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