Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from autopsy proven cases of AIDS associated cerebral toxoplasmosis in South India
| Autor: | Swathi U. Lekshmi, R. S. Jayshree, R. Sai Kant, Chellaiah Rajendran, Anita Mahadevan, S K Shankar, B.R. Vijaykumar, D. Vaigundan |
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| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Microbiology (medical) Adult Male 030231 tropical medicine Protozoan Proteins India Single-nucleotide polymorphism Locus (genetics) Microbiology Polymorphism Single Nucleotide Evolution Molecular 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) parasitic diseases Genotype Genetics medicine Humans Molecular Biology Genotyping Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Phylogeny Genetic diversity biology AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Toxoplasma gondii Sequence Analysis DNA Middle Aged biology.organism_classification medicine.disease Virology Toxoplasmosis 030104 developmental biology Infectious Diseases Toxoplasmosis Cerebral Female Autopsy Toxoplasma Multilocus Sequence Typing |
| Zdroj: | Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases. 39 |
| ISSN: | 1567-7257 |
| Popis: | Toxoplasma gondii (T.gondii) infection can be devastating in the immunodeficient causing high morbidity and mortality. Due to limited availability of both diagnostic facilities and Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), toxoplasmosis continues to be a significant problem amongst Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients in India. While scanty literature is available on T. gondii isolates in animals in India, little is known about the genetic diversity of the parasite in humans. Therefore, the present study investigated the genetic diversity of T. gondii in 25 confirmed cases of cerebral toxoplasmosis developing on the background of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection/AIDS. PCR DNA sequencing was performed at four important genetic loci of T. gondii: BTUB, GRA6, alternative SAG2 (alt SAG2) and SAG3 on DNA from tissues obtained at postmortem. The amplified products from all the cases were successfully sequenced except at one locus for one case. Results of the present study suggest that majority of the patients (22/25; 88%) in South India are infected with strains that are recombinants of type II/III and/or strains representing T. gondii different from the archetypal lineages I, II, and III. In addition, clonal types III, MAS, and MAS variant genotypes were encountered. No clonal type I or II was seen in the present study. In addition, variants were observed at alt SAG2 and SAG3 but BTUB and GRA6 were highly conserved. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were observed mainly at two loci which are coding for surface antigens at alt SAG2 and SAG3. In conclusion, the present study reveals genetic diversity in India amongst strains of T. gondii from clinical cases of toxoplasmosis which is in accordance with other recent studies showing a high rate of genetic diversity in this parasite across the globe. There is a need to genotype T. gondii from different forms of toxoplasmosis in humans in India. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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