Outbreak of norovirus illness associated with a swimming pool
| Autor: | Susan M. Adams, D. Itani, Marc-Alain Widdowson, C. Otto, Amanda M. Burns, L. Zanardi Blevins, L. J. Podewils, Lenee Blanton, M. Hagenbuch, Stephan S. Monroe, Michael J. Beach |
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| Rok vydání: | 2006 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male medicine.medical_specialty Adolescent Epidemiology medicine.disease_cause Maintenance system Disease Outbreaks Cohort Studies Swimming Pools Environmental health Humans Medicine Child Aged Retrospective Studies business.industry Norovirus Infant Outbreak Retrospective cohort study Middle Aged Gastroenteritis Surgery Disinfection Equipment failure Infectious Diseases Child Preschool Acute Disease Vomiting Female Chlorine medicine.symptom Water Microbiology business Research Article Staff training Cohort study |
| Zdroj: | Epidemiology and Infection. 135:827-833 |
| ISSN: | 1469-4409 0950-2688 |
| Popis: | SUMMARYOn 3 February 2004, the Vermont Department of Health received reports of acute gastroenteritis in persons who had recently visited a swimming facility. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among persons attending the facility between 30 January and 2 February. Fifty-three of 189 (28%) persons interviewed developed vomiting or diarrhoea within 72 h after visiting the facility. Five specimens tested positive for norovirus and three specimen sequences were identical. Entering the smaller of the two pools at the facility was significantly associated with illness (RR 5·67, 95% CI 1·5–22·0,P=0·012). The investigation identified several maintenance system failures: chlorine equipment failure, poorly trained operators, inadequate maintenance checks, failure to alert management, and insufficient record keeping. This study demonstrates the vulnerability of recreational water to norovirus contamination, even in the absence of any obvious vomiting or faecal accident. Our findings also suggest that norovirus is not as resistant to chlorine as previously reported in experimental studies. Appropriate regulations and enforcement, with adequate staff training, are necessary to ensure recreational water safety. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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