Neurotoxin Merging: A Strategy Deployed by the Venom of the Spider Cupiennius salei to Potentiate Toxicity on Insects
| Autor: | Steve Peigneur, Benjamin P. Lüscher, Lucia Kuhn-Nentwig, Lukas S. Kopp, Wolfgang Nentwig, Nicolas Langenegger, Jan Tytgat, Benjamin Clémençon |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Health
Toxicology and Mutagenesis Cupiennius salei Xenopus lcsh:Medicine venom Venom Peptide Toxicology 03 medical and health sciences CsTx-13 Neurotoxin Ion channel 030304 developmental biology chemistry.chemical_classification 0303 health sciences biology Microscale thermophoresis Chemistry lcsh:R 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology biology.organism_classification microscale thermophoresis nervous system bioassay neurotoxin merging Biochemistry Inhibitor cystine knot |
| Zdroj: | Toxins Volume 12 Issue 4 Toxins, Vol 12, Iss 250, p 250 (2020) |
| ISSN: | 2072-6651 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/toxins12040250 |
| Popis: | The venom of Cupiennius salei is composed of dozens of neurotoxins, with most of them supposed to act on ion channels. Some insecticidal monomeric neurotoxins contain an &alpha helical part besides their inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) motif (type 1). Other neurotoxins have, besides the ICK motif, an &alpha helical part of an open loop, resulting in a heterodimeric structure (type 2). Due to their low toxicity, it is difficult to understand the existence of type 2 peptides. Here, we show with the voltage clamp technique in oocytes of Xenopus laevis that a combined application of structural type 1 and type 2 neurotoxins has a much more pronounced cytolytic effect than each of the toxins alone. In biotests with Drosophila melanogaster, the combined effect of both neurotoxins was enhanced by 2 to 3 log units when compared to the components alone. Electrophysiological measurements of a type 2 peptide at 18 ion channel types, expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, showed no effect. Microscale thermophoresis data indicate a monomeric/heterodimeric peptide complex formation, thus a direct interaction between type 1 and type 2 peptides, leading to cell death. In conclusion, peptide mergers between both neurotoxins are the main cause for the high cytolytic activity of Cupiennius salei venom. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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