Microbial Life and Death in a Foxing Stain: a Suggested Mechanism of Photographic Prints Defacement
| Autor: | Maria Carla Sclocchi, Lucia Kraková, F. Pinzari, Domenico Pangallo, Nikoleta Šaková, Marina Bicchieri, Piero Colaizzi |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Silver Potassium Compounds Iron 030106 microbiology Microbial Consortia Cell Culture Techniques Soil Science Mineralogy Microbial contamination Biology Bacterial Adhesion Phosphates 03 medical and health sciences RNA Ribosomal 16S RNA Ribosomal 28S Photography Gelatin silver process Coloring Agents Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Microbial Viability Ecology Bacteria Base Sequence Foxing Fungi Spectrometry X-Ray Emission DNA 030104 developmental biology Environmental chemistry Nature Conservation Microscopy Electron Scanning Gelatin RNA Aluminum |
| Zdroj: | Microbial ecology. 73(4) |
| ISSN: | 1432-184X |
| Popis: | The gelatin-silver halide black and white prints represent an enormous photography heritage with a great value. Unaesthetic phenomena, the foxing stains that are caused by microbial growth on surface, have been described in stamps, drawings, books, and tissues but, until now, scarcely for photographic materials. In this study, a combination of various techniques, including culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches (RNA and DNA analysis), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and μ-Raman spectroscopy supported by X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), permitted to describe the microbial contamination dynamics of foxing stains present on the surface of two gelatin-silver halide photographs. The investigation provided also information on the effects of microbial activity on the materials’ chemistry of the two prints. The action of microbial community resulted locally in either (a) formation of mixed aluminum-iron-potassium phosphate compounds that could be attributed to the hydrolytic activity of bacteria, (b) leaching of barite, (c) precipitation of a mixture of oxides, and (d) a change in the barium sulfate chemical structures. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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