Geospatial analysis of tegumentary leishmaniasis in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil from 2000 to 2015: Species typing and flow of travelers and migrants with leishmaniasis

Autor: Armando de Oliveira Schubach, Cintia Xavier de Mello, Maria de Fátima Madeira, Maria Inês Fernandes Pimentel, Samanta Cristina das Chagas Xavier, Mariza de Matos Salgueiro, Raquel S. Pacheco, Aline Fagundes da Silva, Juliana Helena da Silva Barros, Cláudia Maria Valete-Rosalino, Luciana de Freitas Campos Miranda
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2019
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
Male
Veterinary medicine
Tegumentary leishmaniasis
RC955-962
Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Biochemistry
Geographical locations
law.invention
0302 clinical medicine
law
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine
Zoonoses
Medicine and Health Sciences
Child
Leishmaniasis
Polymerase chain reaction
Phylogeny
Protozoans
Leishmania
Aged
80 and over
Transients and Migrants
biology
Geography
Eukaryota
Middle Aged
Enzymes
Infectious Diseases
Child
Preschool
Female
Public aspects of medicine
RA1-1270
Oxidoreductases
Brazil
Polymorphism
Restriction Fragment Length
medicine.drug
Research Article
Neglected Tropical Diseases
Cartography
Adult
Adolescent
030231 tropical medicine
Research and Analysis Methods
DNA
Ribosomal
HaeIII
03 medical and health sciences
Young Adult
medicine
Parasitic Diseases
Genetics
Humans
Typing
Internal transcribed spacer
Molecular Biology Techniques
Ribosomal DNA
Molecular Biology
Dehydrogenases
Aged
Retrospective Studies
Protozoan Infections
Public Health
Environmental and Occupational Health
Organisms
Biology and Life Sciences
Proteins
Human Genetics
South America
DNA
Protozoan
medicine.disease
biology.organism_classification
Tropical Diseases
Parasitic Protozoans
030104 developmental biology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Earth Sciences
Enzymology
People and places
Zdroj: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 13, Iss 11, p e0007748 (2019)
ISSN: 1935-2735
1935-2727
Popis: Background We identified the species of Leishmania isolated from traveling and migrant patients attended in a reference center from 2000 to 2015, we performed the georeferencing of these species in Rio de Janeiro (RJ) state and we had knowledge about the human flows between the likely location of infection (LLI) and place of residence (PR) in RJ state, Brazil. Methodology/Principal findings This is a retrospective cross-sectional study including 171 patients diagnosed with ATL. Google Maps, OpenStreetMap, and Bing Maps were tools used to georeference LLI and PR. For etiological identification, we used isoenzyme electrophoresis, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (molecular target hsp70C with restriction enzymes HaeIII and BstUI), and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA. ARCGIS software was used to create maps of the geographic distribution of Leishmania species in the state and municipality of RJ, together with flows between the LLI and PR. Isolates from 104 patients were identified as: L. (Viannia) braziliensis (80.8%), L. (V.) naiffi (7.7%), L. (V.) guyanensis (6.7%), L. (Leishmania) amazonensis (1%), and genetic variants of L. (V.) braziliensis (3.8%). The flow maps showed that the LLI included 4 countries, 19 Brazilian states, and 18 municipalities of RJ state. The Brazilian states with the highest density of cases were Amazonas (n = 32), Bahia (n = 18), and Ceará (n = 15). Conclusions/Significance This work is the first contribution to the knowledge of the routes of Leishmania species introduced in RJ state by migrants and travelers patients. L. (V.) braziliensis, L. (V.) guyanensis, L. (V.) naiffi, L. (L.) amazonensis, and genetic variants of L. (V.) braziliensis were identified in RJ state. To determine whether the autochthonous transmission of these imported species is possible it is necessary the adaptation of these species to environmental conditions as well as the presence of reservoirs and phlebotomine vectors in this region.
Author summary Leishmaniasis is one of the most important neglected parasitic diseases in humans worldwide. American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) is a disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, which are injected into the skin by small insects known by sandflies. Many different Leishmania species may cause ATL, which can affect the skin and/or oral and nasal mucosa. In this study, we analyzed flows between the likely location of infection (LLI) and the place of residence (PR) in Rio de Janeiro (RJ) state and identified Leishmania species isolated from travelers and migrants attended between 2000 and 2015 in a reference hospital for the care of patients with ATL. This work is the first contribution to knowledge about the routes of Leishmania species introduced to RJ state by migrant and traveling patients. In addition to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, which was the most common species, other species have also been introduced to RJ state, including L. (V.) guyanensis, L. (V.) naiffi, L. (Leishmania) amazonensis, and genetic variants of L. (V.) braziliensis. Knowledge of the migratory flow and geographic location of these imported Leishmania species may contribute to the surveillance and control of ATL in RJ state, Brazil.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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