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Background: Hypoglycemia is a pathological condition in which the plasma glucose concentration is less than 70 mg/dl. It is commonest in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Age, gender, body weight, Duration of diabetes, use of insulin, oral hypoglycemic drugs, body mass index, presence of diabetic micro and macro vascular complications, hospital admission, infection are the possible risk factors for increasing the risk of hypoglycemia. Aim: To study the frequency of risk factors of Severe Hypoglycemia in type-2 diabetic patients attending in tertiary care hospital, SVIMS, Tirupati. Methodology: This retrospective study was performed in the Department of Endocrinology and metabolism in SVIMS, Tirupati, over a period of 6 months. All the patients with typ-2 DM aged 20 or above presented with hypoglycemia symptoms are included in the study. Pregnant and lactation women and type-1 DM patients are excluded from the study. Demographic details, laboratory parameters, treatment details were collected in the pre- designed annexure form (Patient data collection proforma). Results: A total of 100 diabetic patients admitted with hypoglycemia were included in the study. Out of which 54% were males, 32% of the patients were under age group 60-70 years. 63%had diabetes for 10 years and 43% took insulin and 76% using OHAs. Hypertension was most common co-morbid condition 76% fallowed by CAD. Diabetic nephropathy was the most common complication when compared to diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy. The mean plasma glucose at admission was 40± 14 mg/dl. Mean HbA1c was 7.1±1.82 and 48% had eGFR 2. Most of them 48% had history of hypoglycemic episodes in preceding one month. Meal related factors such as missed, inadequate or delayed meals are the precipitating factors fallowed by alcohol use and drug over dose. Conclusion: Hypoglycemia is a potential risk in the management of patients suffering from type-2 DM. Awareness, knowledge and better understanding of the risk factors for hypoglycemia in patients with type-2 DM and identification of the patients who are at risk for severe hypoglycemia can help the physician or care guide with providing optimal patient treatment and management. Key words:Severe hypoglycemia, Type-2 diabetes mellitus, Risk factors, oral hypoglycemic drugs, plasma glucose concentration |
