Changes in Local S4 Environment Provide a Voltage-sensing Mechanism for Mammalian Hyperpolarization–activated HCN Channels
| Autor: | Renee C. Saenger, John H. Riley, Steven A. Siegelbaum, Huan Yao, Damian C. Bell |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2004 |
| Předmět: |
Models
Molecular Potassium Channels Patch-Clamp Techniques Physiology HCN1 channel Xenopus Analytical chemistry Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels Gating Article Ion Channels Membrane Potentials 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine sulfhydryl reagents Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels Animals cysteine Ion channel 030304 developmental biology Membrane potential Mammals Mesylates 0303 health sciences Voltage-gated ion channel Chemistry Cell Membrane Depolarization Hyperpolarization (biology) voltage-gated K+ channels ion channel gating Potassium channel Electrophysiology Transmembrane domain Potassium Channels Voltage-Gated Biophysics Oocytes Commentary Thermodynamics 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | The Journal of General Physiology |
| ISSN: | 1540-7748 0022-1295 |
| Popis: | The positively charged S4 transmembrane segment of voltage-gated channels is thought to function as the voltage sensor by moving charge through the membrane electric field in response to depolarization. Here we studied S4 movements in the mammalian HCN pacemaker channels. Unlike most voltage-gated channel family members that are activated by depolarization, HCN channels are activated by hyperpolarization. We determined the reactivity of the charged sulfhydryl-modifying reagent, MTSET, with substituted cysteine (Cys) residues along the HCN1 S4 segment. Using an HCN1 channel engineered to be MTS resistant except for the chosen S4 Cys substitution, we determined the reactivity of 12 S4 residues to external or internal MTSET application in either the closed or open state of the channel. Cys substitutions in the NH2-terminal half of S4 only reacted with external MTSET; the rates of reactivity were rapid, regardless of whether the channel was open or closed. In contrast, Cys substitutions in the COOH-terminal half of S4 selectively reacted with internal MTSET when the channel was open. In the open state, the boundary between externally and internally accessible residues was remarkably narrow (∼3 residues). This suggests that S4 lies in a water-filled gating canal with a very narrow barrier between the external and internal solutions, similar to depolarization-gated channels. However, the pattern of reactivity is incompatible with either classical gating models, which postulate a large translational or rotational movement of S4 within a gating canal, or with a recent model in which S4 forms a peripheral voltage-sensing paddle (with S3b) that moves within the lipid bilayer (the KvAP model). Rather, we suggest that voltage sensing is due to a rearrangement in transmembrane segments surrounding S4, leading to a collapse of an internal gating canal upon channel closure that alters the shape of the membrane field around a relatively static S4 segment. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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