Plasma phenoloxidase of the larval tobacco budworm,Heliothis virescens,is virucidal
| Autor: | Holly J. R. Popham, Kent S. Shelby |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2006 |
| Předmět: |
hydrogen peroxide
Moths Antiviral Agents Article HzSNPV Superoxide dismutase Kojic acid chemistry.chemical_compound HvPPO Heliothis virescens prophenoloxidase Hemolymph PTIO 2-phenyl-4 4 5 5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3 oxide Animals HzAM-1 cells chemistry.chemical_classification biology Heliothis virescens Monophenol Monooxygenase nitric oxide synthase HvPO Heliothis virescens phenoloxidase Superoxide catalase General Medicine Glutathione biology.organism_classification superoxide dismutase Enzyme chemistry Biochemistry Catalase Larva HzSNPV Helicoverpa zea single nucleopolyhedrosis virus Insect Science biology.protein superoxide Baculoviridae |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Insect Science |
| ISSN: | 1536-2442 |
| DOI: | 10.1673/2006_06_13.1 |
| Popis: | Heliothis virescens larval plasma contains high levels of an antiviral activity against the budded form of the Helicoverpa zea single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HzSNPV) in vitro. Preliminary results indicated that phenoloxidase is primarily responsible for this virucidal effect. However it is known that other enzymes that generate antimicrobial reactive oxygen intermediates and reactive nitrogen intermediates are present in hemolymph that could contribute to the observed virucidal activity. To elucidate the contributions of phenoloxidase and other candidate activities to plasma innate immune response against baculovirus infection specific metabolic inhibitors were used. In vitro the general inhibitors of melanization (N-acetyl cysteine, ascorbate and glutathione), and specific inhibitors of phenoloxidase (phenylthiourea and Kojic acid), completely blocked virucidal activity up to the level seen in controls. Addition of the enzyme superoxide dismutase to plasma did not affect virucidal activity; however addition of catalase had an inhibitory effect. Inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase activity did not affect virucidal activity. Our results confirm that phenoloxidase is the predominate activity in larval plasma accounting for inactivation of HzSNPV in vitro, and that phenoloxidase-dependent H(2)O(2) production may contribute to this virucidal activity. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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