Perchlorate Uptake in Spinach As Related to Perchlorate, Nitrate, And Chloride Concentrations in Irrigation Water
| Autor: | Scott M. Lesch, Wonsook Ha, Donald L. Suarez |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2011 |
| Předmět: |
Agricultural Irrigation
Nitrates Perchlorates biology Inorganic chemistry General Chemistry biology.organism_classification Chloride River water Irrigation water Plant tissue Perchlorate chemistry.chemical_compound Horticulture Chlorides chemistry Nitrate Spinacia oleracea medicine Environmental Chemistry Spinach Leafy vegetables Water Pollutants Chemical medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Science & Technology. 45:9363-9371 |
| ISSN: | 1520-5851 0013-936X |
| DOI: | 10.1021/es2010094 |
| Popis: | Several studies have reported on the detection of perchlorate (ClO(4)(-)) in edible leafy vegetables irrigated with Colorado River water. However, there is no information on spinach as related to ClO(4)(-) in irrigation water nor on the effect of other anions on ClO(4)(-) uptake. A greenhouse ClO(4)(-) uptake experiment using spinach was conducted to investigate the impact of presence of chloride (Cl(-)) and nitrate (NO(3)(-)) on ClO(4)(-) uptake under controlled conditions. We examined three concentrations of ClO(4)(-), 40, 220, and 400 nmol(c)/L (nanomoles of charge per liter of solution), three concentrations of Cl(-), 2.5, 13.75, and 25 mmol(c)/L, and NO(3)(-) at 2, 11, and 20 mmol(c)/L. The results revealed that ClO(4)(-) was taken up the most when NO(3)(-) and Cl(-) were lowest in concentration in irrigation water. More ClO(4)(-) was detected in spinach leaves than that in the root tissue. Relative to lettuces, spinach accumulated more ClO(4)(-) in the plant tissue. Perchlorate was accumulated in spinach leaves more than reported for outer leaves of lettuce at 40 nmol(c)/L of ClO(4)(-) in irrigation water. The results also provided evidence that spinach selectively took up ClO(4)(-) relative to Cl(-). We developed a predictive model to describe the ClO(4)(-) concentration in spinach as related to the Cl(-), NO(3)(-), and ClO(4)(-) concentration in irrigation water. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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