Evaluation of cytokines in the tumor microenvironment of lung cancer using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis

Autor: Andrea Widmer, Pascal Bezel, Stephan Wieser, Malcolm Kohler, Dieter Scholtze, Maya Vonow-Eisenring, Alan Valaperti, Benedikt Kowalski, Urs C. Steiner, Daniel Franzen
Přispěvatelé: University of Zurich, Franzen, Daniel P
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
Male
Cancer Research
Lung Neoplasms
medicine.medical_treatment
Whole
0302 clinical medicine
Immunology and Allergy
1306 Cancer Research
Prospective Studies
medicine.diagnostic_test
Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
respiratory system
Middle Aged
Prognosis
medicine.anatomical_structure
Cytokine
Oncology
Tumor microenvironment
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
2723 Immunology and Allergy
blood serum
Cytokines
2730 Oncology
Tumor necrosis factor alpha
Female
Original Article
10178 Clinic for Pneumology
Lung cancer
Adult
Whole-blood serum
Immunology
610 Medicine & health
03 medical and health sciences
medicine
Biomarkers
Tumor
Humans
Aged
2403 Immunology
Lung
business.industry
Cancer
Immunotherapy
medicine.disease
respiratory tract diseases
030104 developmental biology
Bronchoalveolar lavage
Case-Control Studies
10033 Clinic for Immunology
business
Follow-Up Studies
Zdroj: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
ISSN: 1432-0851
Popis: Introduction Lung cancer is the leading cause of death by cancer. In recent years, immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) emerged as a promising new therapeutic approach. However, a deeper understanding of the immunologic responses adjacent to the tumor known as tumor microenvironment (TME) is needed. Our study investigated TME of lung cancer by analyzing cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Materials and methods Between January 2018 and June 2019, 119 patients were prospectively enrolled in this study. For each cancer patient, levels of 16 cytokines (fractalkine, granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukins (IL): IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17A, and IL-23) were measured in BALF and serum and compared to healthy individuals and patients with other lung diseases. Results There were several significant differences of cytokine levels of patients with lung cancer compared to healthy individuals. However, none of them remained in the multivariate analysis compared to other lung diseases in either BALF or serum. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between the groups in cell differentiation of either BALF or serum. Cytokine levels in BALF were generally near the lower detection limit and showed almost no correlation with their respective levels measured in serum of the same individual. Conclusions Cytokines in BALF and serum of lung cancer patients may indicate unspecific inflammation. BAL is not recommendable as a tool to investigate TME of lung cancer. Therefore, cytokines measured in BALF are probably not appropriate as predictors in patients treated with ICIs.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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