Gas and dust cooling along the major axis of M 33 (HerM33es)
| Autor: | Paul van der Werf, Thomas Nikola, S. Anderl, Jonathan Braine, Markus Röllig, Frank P. Israel, Karl Schuster, Francoise Combes, Christof Buchbender, Emmanuel M. Xilouris, I. Hermelo, Martina C. Wiedner, Monica Relaño, Frank Bertoldi, Christian Henkel, Floris van der Tak, Fatemeh Tabatabaei, Carsten Kramer, Simon Verley, Médéric Boquien |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Junta de Andalucía, Instituto de RadioAstronomía Milimétrica (IRAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIFR), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plateforme Génomique de l'IBENS, Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Physik (Institut für Physik), Universität Potsdam, Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Dpto. Fisica Teorica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada (UGR), Physikalisches Institut [Köln], Universität zu Köln, Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Observatory of Athens (NOA), Astronomy, Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Galaxies: individual: M33
Infrared ISM [Infrared] Continuum (design consultancy) FOS: Physical sciences Context (language use) Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics Astrophysics 01 natural sciences 7. Clean energy individual: M33 [Galaxies] galaxies [Infrared] ISM [Galaxies] 0103 physical sciences Absorption (electromagnetic radiation) 010303 astronomy & astrophysics Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics Line (formation) Infrared: ISM Luminous infrared galaxy Physics Spiral galaxy 010308 nuclear & particles physics Astronomy and Astrophysics individual:M33 [Galaxies] Infrared: galaxies Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies galaxies: individual: M 33 Interstellar medium Galaxies: ISM 13. Climate action Space and Planetary Science Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] |
| Zdroj: | Digibug. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Granada instname Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC Astronomy and Astrophysics-A&A Astronomy and Astrophysics-A&A, EDP Sciences, 2020, 639, pp.A61. ⟨10.1051/0004-6361/201936754⟩ Digibug: Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Granada Universidad de Granada (UGR) Astronomy and Astrophysics, 639, A61 Astronomy & astrophysics, 639:A61. EDP Sciences |
| ISSN: | 1432-0746 0004-6361 |
| Popis: | Context. M 33 is a gas rich spiral galaxy of the Local Group. Its vicinity allows us to study its interstellar medium (ISM) on linear scales corresponding to the sizes of individual giant molecular clouds. Aims. We investigate the relationship between the two major gas cooling lines and the total infrared (TIR) dust continuum. Methods. We mapped the emission of gas and dust in M 33 using the far-infrared lines of [C ii] and [O i](63 µm) and the total infrared continuum. The line maps were observed with the PACS spectrometer on board the Herschel Space Observatory. These maps have 50 pc resolution and form a ∼370 pc wide stripe along its major axis covering the sites of bright H ii regions, but also more quiescent arm and inter-arm regions from the southern arm at 2 kpc galacto-centric distance to the south out to 5.7 kpc distance to the north. Full-galaxy maps of the continuum emission at 24 µm from Spitzer/MIPS, and at 70 µm, 100 µm, and 160 µm from Herschel/PACS were combined to obtain a map of the TIR. Results. TIR and [C ii] intensities are correlated over more than two orders of magnitude. The range of TIR translates to a range of far ultraviolet (FUV) emission of G0,obs ∼ 2 to 200 in units of the average Galactic radiation field. The binned [C ii]/TIR ratio drops with rising TIR, with large, but decreasing scatter. The contribution of the cold neutral medium to the [C ii] emission, as estimated from VLA H i data, is on average only 10%. Fits of modified black bodies to the continuum emission were used to estimate dust mass surface densities and total gas column densities. A correction for possible foreground absorption by cold gas was applied to the [O i] data before comparing it with models of photon dominated regions. Most of the ratios of [C ii]/[O i] and ([C ii]+[O i])/TIR are consistent with two model solutions. The median ratios are consistent with one solution at n ∼ 2 × 102 cm−3 , G0 ∼ 60, and a second low-FUV solution at n ∼ 104 cm−3 , G0 ∼ 1.5. Conclusions. The bulk of the gas along the lines-of-sight is represented by a low-density, high-FUV phase with low beam filling factors ∼1. A fraction of the gas may, however, be represented by the second solution. Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad AYA2014-53506-P AYA2017-84897-P Junta de Andalucia FQM108 Junta de Andalucia European Union (EU) SOMM17/6105/UGR Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) AYA2016-76219-P European Union (EU) |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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