Cumulative risk assessment lessons learned: A review of case studies and issue papers
Autor: | Linda K. Teuschler, Glenn Rice, George Bollweg, Lawrence Martin, Sarah S. Gallagher, Louis Scarano |
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Rok vydání: | 2015 |
Předmět: |
Engineering
Environmental Engineering Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis education Vulnerability Stakeholder engagement Risk Assessment Vulnerable Populations Resource (project management) Agency (sociology) Forensic engineering Humans Environmental Chemistry Relevance (information retrieval) United States Environmental Protection Agency business.industry Stressor Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Environmental Exposure General Medicine General Chemistry Pollution United States Risk analysis (engineering) Scale (social sciences) Risk assessment business |
Zdroj: | Chemosphere. 120:697-705 |
ISSN: | 0045-6535 |
Popis: | Cumulative risk assessments (CRAs) examine potential risks posed by exposure to multiple and sometimes disparate environmental stressors. CRAs are more resource intensive than single chemical assessments, and pose additional challenges and sources of uncertainty. CRAs may examine the impact of several factors on risk, including exposure magnitude and timing, chemical mixture composition, as well as physical, biological, or psychosocial stressors. CRAs are meant to increase the relevance of risk assessments, providing decision makers with information based on real world exposure scenarios that improve the characterization of actual risks and hazards. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has evaluated a number of CRAs, performed by or commissioned for the Agency, to seek insight into CRA concepts, methods, and lessons learned. In this article, ten case studies and five issue papers on key CRA topics are examined and a set of lessons learned are identified for CRA implementation. The lessons address the iterative nature of CRAs, importance of considering vulnerability, need for stakeholder engagement, value of a tiered approach, new methods to assess multiroute exposures to chemical mixtures, and the impact of geographical scale on approach and purpose. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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