Compositions, sources, and potential health risks of volatile organic compounds in the heavily polluted rural North China Plain during the heating season

Autor: Xu Tang, Bixin Zhan, Guangzhao Xie, Abdelwahid Mellouki, Limin Zeng, Jianmin Chen, Xiaona Shang, Yujing Mu, Fei Zhang, Hui Chen
Přispěvatelé: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan University [Shanghai], State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Sciences de l'Ingénierie et des Systèmes (INSIS)
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Zdroj: Science of the Total Environment
Science of the Total Environment, Elsevier, 2021, 789, pp.147956. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147956⟩
ISSN: 0048-9697
1879-1026
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147956⟩
Popis: International audience; Severe volatile organic compound (VOC) pollution has become an urgent problem during the heating season in the North China Plain (NCP), as exposure to hazardous VOCs can lead to chronic or acute diseases. A campaign with online VOC measurements was conducted at a rural site in Wangdu, NCP during the 2018 heating season to characterize the compositions and associated sources of VOCs and to assess their potential health risks. The total concentration of VOCs with 94 identified species was 77.21 ± 54.39 ppb. Seven source factors were identified by non-negative matrix factorization, including coal combustion (36.1%), LPG usage (21.1%), solvent usage (13.9%), biomass burning and secondary formation (14.2%), background (7.0%), industrial emissions (4.5%), and vehicle emissions (3.3%). The point estimate approach and Monte Carlo simulation were used to estimate the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of harzadous VOCs. The results showed that the cumulative health risk of VOCs was above the safety level. Acrolein, 1.2-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloropropane, chloroform, 1,3-butadiene, and benzene were identified as the key hazardous VOCs in Wangdu. Benzene had the highest average carcinogenic risk. Solvent usage and secondary formation were the dominant sources of adverse health effects. During the Spring Festival, most sources were sharply reduced; and VOC concentration declined by 49%. However, coal and biomass consumptions remained relatively large, probably due to heating demand. This study provides important references for the control strategies of VOCs during the heating season in heavily polluted rural areas in the NCP.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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