| Autor: |
Dong-Mei Yan, Yong-Ming Zhang, Yu-Hua Ji, Tao Wang, Xiao-Xing Xiong, Heng Zhao |
| Rok vydání: |
2021 |
| Předmět: |
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| Zdroj: |
Cardiology Plus, Vol 6, Iss 4, Pp 264-273 (2021) |
| ISSN: |
2470-752X |
| DOI: |
10.4103/2470-7511.334399 |
| Popis: |
Backgrounds: Whether there are distinctive macrophage functional phenotypes of M1 versus M2 has been debated. We re-examined them by studying M1/M2 gene and protein expressions in cultured BV2 microglial cells and their effects on stroke outcomes in vivo. Methods: BV2 microglia cells were cultured and polarized with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) to produce M (LPS) and M (IL-4) phenotypes, which were originally defined as M1 and M2 phenotypes, respectively. Typical M1 and M2 gene or protein expression patterns were analyzed in M (LPS) and M (IL-4) phenotypes and their distinctive effects on stroke outcomes were compared. Results: M (LPS) and M (IL-4) had distinctive morphologies. M (IL-4) had significantly higher gene expressions of the typical M2 markers and other anti-inflammatory genes, while M (LPS) had higher gene expression of typical M1 markers and other pro-inflammatory genes. Nevertheless, M2 gene expressions were also enhanced in M (LPS), and M1 gene expressions were increased in M (IL-4), although with relatively lower levels. Adoptive transfer of M (IL-4) reduced infarction and improved neurological scores, while M (LPS) macrophages generated the opposite effect. Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and confocal studies suggest that M (IL-4) inhibited, while M (LPS) promoted the infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages and iNOS-positive cells. Conclusions: M (LPS) and M (IL-4) from cultured BV2 cells indeed are distinctive functional phenotypes, but it is inaccurate to simply classify them into M1 and M2 phenotypes based on a few typical gene and protein markers. |
| Databáze: |
OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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