CD300lf Conditional Knockout Mouse Reveals Strain-Specific Cellular Tropism of Murine Norovirus
| Autor: | Jin Wei, Vincent R. Graziano, Renata B. Filler, Sanghyun Lee, Craig B. Wilen, Mia Madel Alfajaro, Madison S. Strine, Timothy J. Nice, Cameron O. Schmitz, Megan T. Baldridge, Robert C. Orchard, Leon L. Hsieh |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Cell type Receptor expression Immunology ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species Microbiology CD19 Mice 03 medical and health sciences Virology Conditional gene knockout Animals Receptors Immunologic Tropism Caliciviridae Infections 030304 developmental biology Mice Knockout 0303 health sciences Innate immune system biology 030306 microbiology ved/biology Norovirus Epithelial Cells Immunity Innate Virus-Cell Interactions Cell biology Intestines Viral Tropism Insect Science Host-Pathogen Interactions biology.protein Female Cellular Tropism Murine norovirus |
| Zdroj: | J Virol |
| ISSN: | 1098-5514 0022-538X |
| DOI: | 10.1128/jvi.01652-20 |
| Popis: | Noroviruses are a leading cause of gastrointestinal infection in humans and mice. Understanding human norovirus (HuNoV) cell tropism has important implications for our understanding of viral pathogenesis. Murine norovirus (MNoV) is extensively used as a surrogate model for HuNoV. We previously identified CD300lf as the receptor for MNoV. Here, we generated a Cd300lf conditional knockout (CD300lf(F/F)) mouse to elucidate the cell tropism of persistent and nonpersistent strains of murine norovirus. Using this mouse model, we demonstrated that CD300lf expression on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), and on tuft cells in particular, is essential for transmission of the persistent MNoV strain CR6 (MNoV(CR6)) in vivo. In contrast, the nonpersistent MNoV strain CW3 (MNoV(CW3)) does not require CD300lf expression on IECs for infection. However, deletion of CD300lf in myelomonocytic cells (LysM Cre+) partially reduces CW3 viral load in lymphoid and intestinal tissues. Disruption of CD300lf expression on B cells (CD19 Cre), neutrophils (Mrp8 Cre), and dendritic cells (CD11c Cre) did not affect MNoV(CW3) viral RNA levels. Finally, we show that the transcription factor STAT1, which is critical for the innate immune response, partially restricts the cell tropism of MNoV(CW3) to LysM+ cells. Taken together, these data demonstrate that CD300lf expression on tuft cells is essential for MNoV(CR6); that myelomonocytic cells are a major, but not exclusive, target cell of MNoV(CW3); and that STAT1 signaling restricts the cellular tropism of MNoV(CW3). This study provides the first genetic system for studying the cell type-specific role of CD300lf in norovirus pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a leading cause of gastroenteritis resulting in up to 200,000 deaths each year. The receptor and cell tropism of HuNoV in immunocompetent humans are unclear. We use murine norovirus (MNoV) as a model for HuNoV. We recently identified CD300lf as the sole physiologic receptor for MNoV. Here, we leverage this finding to generate a Cd300lf conditional knockout mouse to decipher the contributions of specific cell types to MNoV infection. We demonstrate that persistent MNoV(CR6) requires CD300lf expression on tuft cells. In contrast, multiple CD300lf+ cell types, dominated by myelomonocytic cells, are sufficient for nonpersistent MNoV(CW3) infection. CD300lf expression on epithelial cells, B cells, neutrophils, and dendritic cells is not critical for MNoV(CW3) infection. Mortality associated with the MNoV(CW3) strain in Stat1(−/−) mice does not require CD300lf expression on LysM+ cells, highlighting that both CD300lf receptor expression and innate immunity regulate MNoV cell tropism in vivo. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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