Modeling age differences in effects of pair repetition and proactive interference using a single parameter
| Autor: | Amy A. Overman, Joseph D. W. Stephens |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Aging Adolescent Social Psychology Interference theory Article 050105 experimental psychology Task (project management) Reduction (complexity) Young Adult 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Memory Humans Cognitive Dysfunction 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences Associative property Aged Aged 80 and over Age differences Repetition (rhetorical device) 05 social sciences Age Factors Association Learning Middle Aged Content-addressable memory Mental Recall Female Optimal distinctiveness theory Geriatrics and Gerontology Psychology 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Cognitive psychology |
| Zdroj: | Psychology and Aging. 33:182-194 |
| ISSN: | 1939-1498 0882-7974 |
| Popis: | In this article, we apply the REM model (Shiffrin & Steyvers, 1997) to age differences in associative memory. Using Criss and Shiffrin's (2005) associative version of REM, we show that in a task with pairs repeated across 2 study lists, older adults' reduced benefit of pair repetition can be produced by a general reduction in the diagnosticity of information stored in memory. This reduction can be modeled similarly well by reducing the overall distinctiveness of memory features, or by reducing the accuracy of memory encoding. We report a new experiment in which pairs are repeated across 3 study lists and extend the model accordingly. Finally, we extend the model to previously reported data using the same task paradigm, in which the use of a high-association strategy introduced proactive interference effects in young adults but not older adults. Reducing the diagnosticity of information in memory also reduces the proactive interference effect. Taken together, the modeling and empirical results reported here are consistent with the claim that some age differences that appear to be specific to associative information can be produced via general degradation of information stored in memory. The REM model provides a useful framework for examining age differences in memory as well as harmonizing seemingly conflicting prior modeling approaches for the associative deficit. (PsycINFO Database Record |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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