High Aedes spp. larval indices in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Autor: | Emile Manzambi Zola, Sylvie Fasine, Francis Wat’senga Tezzo, Richard Mundeke Takasongo, Veerle Vanlerberghe, Wim Van Bortel, Guillaume Binene Mbuka, Gillon Ilombe, María del Carmen Marquetti, Nathalie Smitz, J. Bisset |
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Rok vydání: | 2021 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Wet season Veterinary medicine Mosquito Control Kinshasa Aedes albopictus education 030231 tropical medicine Mosquito Vectors Aedes aegypti lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Aedes Dry season medicine Animals lcsh:RC109-216 Survey Family Characteristics Larva Central Africa biology Research fungi Yellow fever Outbreak Democratic Republic of Congo biology.organism_classification medicine.disease Cross-Sectional Studies 030104 developmental biology Infectious Diseases Virus Diseases Democratic Republic of the Congo Chikungunya Parasitology Seasons |
Zdroj: | Parasites & Vectors, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021) Parasites & Vectors |
DOI: | 10.21203/rs.3.rs-37427/v4 |
Popis: | Background Dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika are among the most important emerging infectious vector-borne diseases worldwide. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), increases in cases of dengue and outbreaks of yellow fever and chikungunya have been reported since 2010. The main vectors of these arboviruses, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, have been reported in DRC, but there is a lack of detailed information on their presence and spread to guide disease control efforts. Methods In 2018, two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Kinshasa province (DRC), one in the rainy (January/February) and one in the dry season (July). Four hundred houses were visited in each of the four selected communes (N’Djili, Mont Ngafula, Lingwala and Kalamu). Within the peri-domestic area of each household, searches were conducted for larval habitats, which were then surveyed for the presence of Aedes larvae and pupae. A subset of the immature specimens were reared to adults for morphological identification followed by DNA barcoding of the specimens to validate identifications. Results The most rural commune (Mont Ngafula) had the highest pupal index (number of Aedes spp. pupae per 100 inspected houses) at 246 (20) pupae/100 houses, and Breteau index (BI; number of containers positive for immature stages of Aedes spp. per 100 households) at 82.2 (19.5) positive containers/100 houses for the rainy (and dry) season, respectively. The BI was 21.5 (4.7), 36.7 (9.8) and 41.7 (7.5) in Kalamu, Lingwala and N’Djili in the rainy (and dry) season, respectively. The house index (number of houses positive for at least one container with immature stages of Aedes spp. per 100 inspected houses) was, on average, across all communes, 27.5% (7.6%); and the container index (number of containers positive for immature stages of Aedes spp. per 100 inspected containers) was 15.0% (10.0%) for the rainy (and dry) season, respectively. The vast majority of Aedes-positive containers were found outside the houses [adjusted odds ratio 27.4 (95% confidence interval 14.9–50.1)]. During the dry season, the most productive containers were the ones used for water storage, whereas in the rainy season rubbish and tires constituted key habitats. Both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were found. Anopheles larvae were found in different types of Aedes larval habitats, especially during the rainy season. Conclusions In both surveys and in all communes, the larval indices (BI) were higher than the arbovirus transmission threshold values established by the World Health Organization. Management strategies for controlling Aedes in Kinshasa need to target the key types of containers for Aedes larvae, which are mainly located in outdoor spaces, for larval habitat destruction or reduction. Graphical Abstract |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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