The prevalence and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration in rural–urban India, Sankara Nethralaya Rural–Urban Age-related Macular degeneration study, Report No. 1
| Autor: | K Vaitheeswaran, Swakshyar Saumya Pal, S Ganesan, Tarun Sharma, Laxmi Gella, Rajiv Raman |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Rural Population 0301 basic medicine medicine.medical_specialty Tobacco Smokeless Urban Population genetic structures India Glaucoma Ophthalmic pathology Neuro-ophthalmology Macular Degeneration 03 medical and health sciences Age Distribution 0302 clinical medicine Study report Risk Factors Ophthalmology Age related Prevalence medicine Humans Sex Distribution Aged Aged 80 and over business.industry Middle Aged Macular degeneration medicine.disease eye diseases Ocular oncology Cross-Sectional Studies 030104 developmental biology Clinical Study 030221 ophthalmology & optometry Optometry Female sense organs business |
| Zdroj: | Eye. 30:688-697 |
| ISSN: | 1476-5454 0950-222X |
| Popis: | PurposeTo report the age- and gender-adjusted prevalence rates of early and late age-related maculopathy (ARM) and associated risk factors in rural and urban Indian population.MethodsA population-based cross-sectional study was carried out in South India between 2009 and 2011. Of the 6617 subjects ≥60 years enumerated ones, 5495 (83.04%) participated in the eye examination. A detailed history including data on demographic, socioeconomic, and ocular history was obtained. Participants underwent detailed ophthalmic evaluation including 30° 3-field photograph as per Age-Related Eye Disease Study protocol. The ARM was graded according to the International ARM Epidemiological Study Group.ResultsAge- and gender-adjusted prevalence of early ARM was 20.91% (20.86-20.94) in the rural population and 16.37% (16.32-16.42) in the urban population. Similarly, the prevalence of late ARM was 2.26% (2.24-2.29) and 2.32% (2.29-2.34) in the rural and urban population, respectively. In both rural and urban populations, risk factors that were related to both early and late ARM were age, per year increase (OR, range 1.00-1.08); middle socioeconomic status (OR, range 1.05-1.83); and smokeless tobacco (OR, range 1.11-2.21). Protective factor in both was the presence of diabetes mellitus in all ARM (OR, range 0.34-0.83). Risk factors, only in the rural arm, were female gender (OR, range 1.06-1.64), past smoker (OR, 1.14), and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (OR, 1.03).ConclusionsThe study reports smokessless tobacco as a risk factor for both early and late ARM and identified a higher prevalence of early ARM in the rural population compared with urban population. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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