Newly Identified Nematodes from Mono Lake Exhibit Extreme Arsenic Resistance
| Autor: | Pei-Yin Shih, James Siho Lee, Amir Sapir, Andre Pires-daSilva, Jean M. Badroos, Elizabeth Goetz, Natsumi Kanzaki, Paul W. Sternberg, Ryoji Shinya |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Nematoda Adaptation Biological Drug Resistance Zoology Brine shrimp General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology California Arsenic 03 medical and health sciences Extremophiles 0302 clinical medicine Dominance (ecology) Extremophile Extreme environment Animals Ecosystem QD Life History Traits Phylogeny QL biology Resistance (ecology) biology.organism_classification QR 030104 developmental biology Nematode Species richness General Agricultural and Biological Sciences RA 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| ISSN: | 0960-9822 |
| Popis: | Extremophiles have much to reveal about the biology of resilience, yet their study is limited by sampling and culturing difficulties [1, 2, 3]. The broad success and small size of nematodes make them advantageous for tackling these problems [4, 5, 6]. We investigated the arsenic-rich, alkaline, and hypersaline Mono Lake (CA, US) [7, 8, 9] for extremophile nematodes. Though Mono Lake has previously been described to contain only two animal species (brine shrimp and alkali flies) in its water and sediments [10], we report the discovery of eight nematode species from the lake, including microbe grazers, parasites, and predators. Thus, nematodes are the dominant animals of Mono Lake in species richness. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the nematodes originated from multiple colonization events, which is striking, given the young history of extreme conditions at Mono Lake [7, 11]. One species, Auanema sp., is new, culturable, and survives 500 times the human lethal dose of arsenic. Comparisons to two non-extremophile sister species [12] reveal that arsenic resistance is a common feature of the genus and a preadaptive trait that likely allowed Auanema to inhabit Mono Lake. This preadaptation may be partly explained by a variant in the gene dbt-1 shared with some Caenorhabditis elegans natural populations and known to confer arsenic resistance [13]. Our findings expand Mono Lake’s ecosystem from two known animal species to ten, and they provide a new system for studying arsenic resistance. The dominance of nematodes in Mono Lake and other extreme environments and our findings of preadaptation to arsenic raise the intriguing possibility that nematodes are widely pre-adapted to be extremophiles.\ud \ud |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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