Etiopathology, clinical features, and treatment of diffuse and multinodular nontoxic goiters
| Autor: | Meyer Knobel |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
endocrine system
Pathology medicine.medical_specialty Goiter endocrine system diseases Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism 030209 endocrinology & metabolism 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Endocrinology Humans Medicine business.industry Thyroid Prognosis medicine.disease Iodine deficiency Pathophysiology Nodular thyroid disease medicine.anatomical_structure 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Toxicity Etiology business Goiter Nodular Hormone |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Endocrinological Investigation. 39:357-373 |
| ISSN: | 1720-8386 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s40618-015-0391-7 |
| Popis: | Goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid gland, is a common problem in clinical practice associated with iodine deficiency, increase in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level, natural goitrogens, smoking, and lack of selenium and iron. Evidence suggests that heredity also has an important role in the etiology of goiter. The current classification divides goiter into diffuse and nodular, which may be further subdivided into toxic (associated with symptoms of hyperthyroidism, suppressed TSH or both), or nontoxic (associated with a normal TSH level). Nodular thyroid disease with the presence of single or multiple nodules requires evaluation due to the risk of malignancy, toxicity, and local compressive symptoms. Measurement of TSH, accurate imaging with high-resolution ultrasonography or computed tomography, and fine-needle aspiration biopsy are the appropriate methods for evaluation and management of goiter. This review discusses the clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment considerations of nontoxic diffuse and nodular goiters. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
Full text from SpringerLink