Comparative genome sequencing reveals chemotype-specific gene clusters in the toxigenic black mold Stachybotrys
| Autor: | Zbyszek Otwinowski, Nick V. Grishin, Jeremy Semeiks, Dominika Borek |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2013 |
| Předmět: |
Proteome
Trichothecene biosynthesis Trichothecene Amino Acid Motifs Genes Fungal Satratoxins Stachybotrys Biology Genome DNA sequencing Fungal Proteins Polyketide Polyketide synthase Genetics Toxins Phylogeny Comparative genomics Whole genome sequencing Whole-genome sequencing Molecular Sequence Annotation Sequence Analysis DNA biology.organism_classification Biosynthetic Pathways Phenotype Multigene Family biology.protein Atranones Secondary metabolism Trichothecenes Biotechnology Research Article |
| Zdroj: | BMC Genomics |
| ISSN: | 1471-2164 |
| Popis: | Background The fungal genus Stachybotrys produces several diverse toxins that affect human health. Its strains comprise two mutually-exclusive toxin chemotypes, one producing satratoxins, which are a subclass of trichothecenes, and the other producing the less-toxic atranones. To determine the genetic basis for chemotype-specific differences in toxin production, the genomes of four Stachybotrys strains were sequenced and assembled de novo. Two of these strains produce atranones and two produce satratoxins. Results Comparative analysis of these four 35-Mbp genomes revealed several chemotype-specific gene clusters that are predicted to make secondary metabolites. The largest, which was named the core atranone cluster, encodes 14 proteins that may suffice to produce all observed atranone compounds via reactions that include an unusual Baeyer-Villiger oxidation. Satratoxins are suggested to be made by products of multiple gene clusters that encode 21 proteins in all, including polyketide synthases, acetyltransferases, and other enzymes expected to modify the trichothecene skeleton. One such satratoxin chemotype-specific cluster is adjacent to the core trichothecene cluster, which has diverged from those of other trichothecene producers to contain a unique polyketide synthase. Conclusions The results suggest that chemotype-specific gene clusters are likely the genetic basis for the mutually-exclusive toxin chemotypes of Stachybotrys. A unified biochemical model for Stachybotrys toxin production is presented. Overall, the four genomes described here will be useful for ongoing studies of this mold’s diverse toxicity mechanisms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-590) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
Full text from SpringerLink